Page 



37. Incompletely webbed, lobed, or unwebbed feet: 114 



1. Oystercatcher - partly webbed 



2. Black Tern - partly webbed 



3. Shorebird - not webbed 



4. Coot - lobed 



5. Grebe - lobed 



6. Phalarope - lobed 



38a. Pinniped bacula ** 



38b. Pinniped bacula 17 ' 



LIST OF FIGURES 



1. Example of a beached bird census form 3 



2. Measuring bill or culmen length 5 



3. Measuring tarsus and toe length 5 



4. Measuring wing length (wing chord) 6 



5. Measuring the chord of the nail in a skua / 



6 . The morphol ogy of a bi rd ' s body 8 



7. Cross-sectional shapes of body parts 9 



8. Morphology of the upper and under wing 10 



9. Several parts of a bird's bill 9 



10. Shapes of primary feathers 11 



11. The mantle 1Z 



12. Different kinds of neck collars 13 



13. Scutellate and reticulate tarsus scales 14 



14. The speculum 14 



15. Subterminal bands 15 



16. "Windows" in gull primary feathers 15 



17. Comb-like toenail 16 



18. Curvatures in partly-folded wings 23 



19. The length of upper tail coverts 30 



20. Shorebird wings, showing wing stripe and wrist markings . 43 



21. Color patterns of Shorebird feathers 47 



22. Outer three primaries of the Black-headed Gull 51 



23. Color patterns in extended wings of three gulls 53 



24. Color patterns of outer primaries in terns 65 



25. Murre chick old enough to accompany adult at sea 67 



26. Murrelets for comparison with Figure 25 68 



27. Some baleen whale terms used in the keys 155 



28. Some cetacean terms used in the key with a shark for 



compari son 156 



29. Some parts of a pinniped skull 157 



30. Dorsal view of a pinniped skull 158 



31. Some differences between eared and earless seals 159 



32. Some differences between male and female pinnipeds 161 



33. Sea lion skull comparisons 162 



34. Differences between sea lion skulls and bacula 163 



35. Fur seal head comparisons 165 



36. Seal skull comparisons 166 



37. Some differences between male and female cetaceans . 172 



