46 



KEY TO SHOREBIRDS (Cont.) 



20' Central tail feathers black; toes not lobed, without lateral mem- 

 branes (Plate 37-3); breast with some spotting, streaking or barring 

 at least on sides. 21 



21 Outermost tail feather distinctly shorter than adjacent ones; shaft 

 of outermost primary usually partially brown dorsally. 



SHARP-TAILED SANDPIPER 



21' Outermost tail feather equal to or slightly longer than adjacent one; 

 shaft of outermost primary usually entirely white. 



PECTORAL SANDPIPER 



22 Inner half of extended upperwing has a white patch where wing attaches 

 to body (Fig. 20a); tail feathers white with broad black band on outer 

 half. 23 



22' Upperwing without white patch where wing attaches to body. 24 



23 Upperwing blackish brown and white without gray-brown, buff or rufous 

 coloration, (except in juveniles where some feathers may be finely 

 buffy-tipped) ; throat gray-brown to brown-black. 



BLACK TURNSTONE 



23' Upperwing coverts with considerable gray-brown, buff or rufous; 



throat mostly white. RUDDY TURNSTONE 



24 Wing length >180 mm; front half of underwing mostly black; tail 

 brownish gray mottled with darker gray. WILLET 



24' Wing not as in 24. 25 



25 Wing >170 mm; underwing white and gray with some sharply contrasting 

 black feathers where it meets the body; tail white and irregularly 

 barred with blackish-brown; bill 25-35 mm long and swollen dorsally 



near tip (Plate 20-7). BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER 



25' Wing not as in 25. 26 



26 Wing length <115 mm; many upperwing coverts gray-brown with a dark 

 bar near the tip; underwing shows distinct longitudinal white stripe; 

 tail grayish-brown with lateral feathers broadly barred white; body 

 white ventral ly or white with heavy black spotting. 



SANHPTPFR 



