52 BEEHIVES AND BEE KEEPERS' APPLIANCES. 



However, the shoulderless frames in most 

 general use are those of the American pattern, the 

 joints in which are shown by Fig. 40 ; all these 

 joints are accurately cut by machinery, and a frame 

 block is not necessary for making them up. Frames 

 cost so little that it does not pay to make them, 

 except in quantity, and then only when a circular 



Fig. 41. Securing Side 

 Bars of Frame to Top 

 Bar. 



Fig. 40. American Jointed Frame. 



saw is available, and material that would otherwise 

 be wasted can be used up. 



These observations as to the home-making of 

 frames apply with still greater force to broad- 

 shouldered frames. Fig. 40 clearly shows how the 

 parts of the frame fit together. Lay the top bar 

 en the bench or table, force the tenons of the side 

 bars into the mortises cut in the top bar, drive on 



