6o BEEHIVES AND BEE KEEPERS^ APPLIANCES. 



cast metal end. There are probably more 

 "W.B.C." ends used than all the others put 

 together ; they are made both for f-in. and i-in. top 

 bars, and a special wide end is also made for |-in. 

 top bars only for fitting to extracting combs, 

 eight of the wide ends occupying the space of ten 

 of fhe ordinary pattern. They can be obtained in 

 two widths, \\ in. bare for the brood chamber and 

 If in. for the shallow-frame supers. When using 

 Ij-in. ends in the supers it is a good plan to use 

 " drone " foundation. 



Whilst upon the subject of spacing frames, men- 

 tion may also be made of end spacing. If hives 

 are made according to instructions given in 



Fig. 53. Howard Fig. 54. Pine's Cast 



Tinplate End. Metal End. 



Chapters II. and III., end-spacing appliances are 

 not necessary, as the top bars being cut accurately 

 to length, make a perfect fit with the hives, and no 

 end-shake will be possible. But in roughly made 

 hives some means to counteract any inaccuracy in 

 construction will be necessary, and it will be noticed 

 in Figs. 52 and 54 that each end also has an angular 

 spur on the underside, the spur allowing the regu- 

 lation J-in. spacing between the hive wall and the 

 frame end. 



For use with the ends illustrated by Figs. 51 and 

 53, and also with the Hoffman self-spacing frames 

 (Fig. 50), a method of end spacing is shown in Fig. 

 55, a small staple being driven in each side bar 

 under the lug so as to project \ in. The same plan 

 is adopted for bottom spacing, as shown in the 



