ii2 BEEHIVES AND BEE KEEPERS' APPLIANCES. 



vent ash or cinder from the smoker finding its 

 way into the bellows. The contracted piece of 

 brass pipe can now be pushed into place, and the 

 body of the smoker fastened to s with the piece of 

 tinplate H, which has its edges turned down so as 

 to embrace it ; four little screws or tacks will hold 

 it on very firmly. 



The smoker is now finished and ready for the 

 fuel, which can be brown paper, sacking, or any- 

 thing that will smoulder. It should be inserted 

 in such a way as to afford passages for the air 

 through it. If it is packed tightly the smoke can- 

 not be expected to travel through the entire length 

 of the barrel. 



The form of spring used in the real Bingham 

 smoker entails a good deal of unnecessary labour, 

 and probably a spiral spring of the proper strength 

 could be substituted. Then the front edges of the 

 bellows boards could be brought together, and the 

 four pieces of wood there found could be dispensed 

 with. 



The Clarke smoker is simpler than the Bing- 

 ham, but hardly so efficient. Fig. 103 shows it in 

 general view, and Fig. 104 is a sectional view. 

 The bellows boards are 4j in. by 6| in., and nearly 

 \ in. thick. A 1-in. hole is made through one 

 board, its centre being 2j in. from one end of 

 the board, and midway across it. This is for the 

 valve, which is simply a piece of stout leather 

 nailed on one side and free to rise on the other, 

 after the manner of a butterfly valve. At a dis- 

 tance of If in. from the opposite end of the other 

 board, a J-in. hole is bored, sloping from the front 

 as shown in Fig. 104. This is to take the blast 

 pipe. The boards are kept apart by a strong steel 

 spiral spring, which is placed at the side of the 

 valve, and more towards the back, just where the 

 pressure of the hand goes. The boards at their 

 widest part are 3 in. apart, and at the narrowest, 

 1 in. 



