APPENDIX. 



The following account of the methods by which the on'o-inal 

 photographs were produced that served as the basis of the analysis of 

 the paces, the results of which are contained in this volume, was 

 furnished by Mr. E. J. Muybridge, the photographer by whom they 

 Avere executed. 



Some time in 1872 Mr. Stanford, being desirous of settlino- some 

 controverted questions as to the action of the trotting horse, conceived 

 the idea that the camera might be made available for that purpose. 

 To this end he consulted with Mr. Muybridge, and induced him to 

 undertake some experiments in instantaneous photography.* The 

 experiments made at that time were inconclusive, and for several 

 years, Mr. Muybridge being absent from the State, the matter rested, 

 though it was not abandoned by Mr. Stanford. 



In 1877, Mr. Muybridge having returned, the experiments were 

 renewed. A few pictures were taken of " Occident " while in motion 

 — a noted trotter, owned by Mr. Stanford — with a single camera; 

 and one of these, representing him with all his feet clear of the 

 ground, was enlarged, retouched, and distributed among various 

 parties interested. 



* Instantaneous pictures were defined to be, at that time, in ordinary photographic par- 

 lance, when the exposure has been very brief, or under half a second. In the British Journal 

 Photographic .•\lmanack for lS6S it is stated that good street views had been taken in a twelfth 

 part of a second. The conditions, as there given, for e.\-treme rapidity of exposure are a good 

 and quick-acting shutter, a lens with a large angular aperture, and chemicals in perfect 

 condition. 



