172 



HEALTH AND DISEASE 



a 



Tieiiia mamillana 

 (nat. size). 



In young animals a serious mortality is often caused by the invasion 

 of this worm in large numbers, as both the parent worm and the young 

 ones are true blood-suckers, and the embryos begin their ravages as soon 

 as they escape from the cysts in which they are coiled up under the 

 mucous membrane, in the manner seen in the illustration lielow, which 

 is taken from a portion of the cEecum. 



In the case of these two parasites, medical treatment has not hitherto 

 proved very successful. Turpentine, chinosol, perchloride of iron are 

 the most promising remedies. Colts, the animals which suft'er most from 



the invasion of the parasite, may receive san- 

 tonine in doses of 10 grains in a ball, or mixed 

 with the food every day for three or four days, 

 to be followed by a dose of linseed-oil. 



Other nematodes have been described by 

 writers, but they are not of very frec[uent 

 occurrence, and it does not appear that they 

 have l)een found among horses in this country. 

 Information regarding them may be found in 

 Neumann On Parasites, from which work some 

 of tlie illustrations of the present chapter are 

 reproduced. 



Very few of the parasites of the next class, 

 cystic worms or tiat-worms (Hat helminths), 

 inhal)it the intestines of the horse. 



The common name tape-worm is given to 

 these parasites. In the horse the few tape- 

 worms which infest the intestines are remark- 

 aljle for their small size in comparison with 

 other varieties which are found in cattle, sheep, 

 and dogs. 



The three varieties are: the Tcmia per- 

 foliata, which is something under 2 inches long and f inch in width; 

 Tcenia plicata, about 3| inches long and | inch in width; and Tamia 

 mamillana, Avhich is about an inch in length, and a little more than 

 I inch in width. (Fig. 276.) 



The perfoliata, which is most common, is distinguished by the presence 

 of a peculiar appendage, forming a kind of collar, round the neck. The 

 parasite inhabits the csecum, seldom being seen in other parts of the 

 intestinal canal. (Fig. 277.) 



Tcenia plirata is said to be found in the small intestine; sometimes 

 in the stomach (fig. 278). The Tcenia mamillana (fig. 279) is also said to 



T;cnia perfo)iata T;cnia plicata 



(nat. size). (nat. size). 



Fig. 276. — Tape-worms 



