266 HEALTH AND DISEASE 



shallow cavities provided by the squamous temporal bones. The condyles 

 and the cavities are not brought immediately into contact with each other, 

 but are separated by fiat pieces of fibro-cartilage moulded on to the opposed 

 surfaces, and having a synovial membrane between them and each of the 

 bones forming the joints. 



The bones and cartilages are enclosed in a capsular ligament which, as 



Fig. 348. — Temporo-Maxillary Articulation 



1. Section through maxillary condyle. 2. Inter-articular fibro-cartilage. 



3. Posterior portion of capsular ligament. 4. Anterior portion of capsular ligament. 



we have already observed, is lined by a synovial membrane and strength- 

 ened by a bundle of fibres on its outer surface. 



HYOIDAL ARTICULATIONS— JOINTS OF THE TONGUE 



These are three in number, two cartilaginous and one synovial. The 

 cartilaginous or amphiarthrodial joints are formed by the union of the 

 superior extremity of the long horn of the hyoid bone with the petrous 

 temporal bone, and the inferior extremity of the same with the superior 

 extremity of the short horn. The synovial articulation exists between the 

 lower end of the short horn and the body of the bone. See fig. 291, p. 189. 



ARTICULATIONS OF THE RIBS 



All the ribs are connected with the vertebrte above, and the first eight 

 true ribs are also united with the sternum below, by synovial articulations 



