278 



HEALTH AND DISEASE 



the hook, and in its course becomes united with the astragalus, calcaneus, 



cuboides, and finally with the large and outer small metatarsal bones. 

 The External Deep Ligament, on leaving the outer tuberosity of 



the tibia, inclines backward, and becomes attached to the astragalus and 



the calcaneus. 



The Internal Lateral Ligaments are placed one within the other, 



and are distinguished as the svpcrjicial, the middle, and the deep. All 



of them are attached above to the 

 tuberosity [mtei'nal maleolus) on the 

 inner part of the lower extremity of 

 the tibia. From thence the intenial 

 stq^erficial ligament passes downward 

 and becomes connected with (1) the 

 astragalus, (2) the scaphoid, (3) the 

 cuneiform, and (4) the large and in- 

 ternal small metatarsal bones. 



The Internal Middle Ligament, 

 situated beneath that last described, 

 divides into two short strands, one of 

 which is implanted into the astragalus, 

 and the other into the calcaneus. 



The Internal Deep Ligament 

 is a small Ijatch of fibres which be- 

 comes attached to the astragalus. 



The Anterior Ligament. — This 

 presents the form of a broad mem- 

 branous or capsular ligament stretch- 



Fig. 361. — External View of Hock-.Ioint 



1 , Tibia. 2, Calais. 3, Astragalus. 4, Os mag- 

 num. 5, Os medium. 6, Cuboid. 7, Calcaneo- 

 cuboid ligament. 8, Deep set of ligaments connect- 

 ing one bone with another. 9, Large metatarsal 

 bone. 10, Small metatai'sal bone. 



ing over the front of the true hock- 



joint. It is lined by synovial mem- 

 brane, and is that portion of the cap- 

 sule which bulges in what is termed 

 "bog-spavin". The anterior ligament is united to the lower part of the 

 tibia above, it is attached below to the astragalus and the small 

 bones of the hock in front, and at the sides it blends with the lateral 

 ligaments. 



The Posterior Ligament is situated liohind the joint, and is much 

 thicker than the anterior, having in its centre a cjuantity of fibro-cartilage, 

 over which glides the perforans tendon in its course to tli3 foot. On 

 either side its fibres mix with those of the superficial lateral ligament, 

 and in front, where it faces the joint, it is lined by synovial membrane. 

 Above it is attached to the tibia, and l)elow to the astragalus and calcaneus. 



