CONTENTS ix 



of landowners ; the finance of the Restoration, and the abolition of 

 military tenures ; Jegislation to promote agriculture ; Gregory King on 

 the State and Condition of England and Wales in 1696 : the distribution 

 of population and wealth. Pp. 130-147 



CHAPTER VII. 

 JETHRO TULL AND LORD TOWNSHEND. 1700-1760. y 



Agricultural progress in the eighteenth century ; ■enclosures necessary to 



advance ; {aiivocates and opponents of the enclosing movement ; area / 



of uncultivated land and of land cultivated in open-fields ; defects of the V 

 open-field system as a method of farming ; pasture commons as adjuncts 

 to open-field holdings ; the necessary lead in agricultural progress given 

 by large landowners and large farmers ; procedm-e in enclosures by Act 

 of Parhament : varying dates at which districts have been enclosed : 

 influence of soil and climate in breaking up or maintaining the open-field 

 system : the East Midland and Xorth Eastern group of counties : improved 

 methods and increased resources of farming; Jethro Tull the "greatest 

 individual improver " ; Lord Townshend's influence on Norfolk husbandry. 



Pp. 148-175 



CHAPTER VIII. 



THE STOCK-BREEDER'S ART AND ROBERT BAKEWELL. 



1725-1795. , 



Necessity for improving the live-stock of the country ; sheep valued for 

 their wool, cattle for power of draught or yield of milk ; beef and mutton 

 the growing need : Robert Bakewell the agricultiu-al opportunist ; his 

 experiments with the Black Horse, the Leicester Longhorns, and the New 

 Leicesters ; rapid progress of stock-breeding : sacrifice of wool to mutton. 



Pp. 176-189 



CHAPTER IX. 



ARTHUR YOUNG AND THE DIFFUSION OF 



KNOWLEDGE. 1760-1800. ^ 



The counties distinguished for the best farming : Hertfordshire, Essex, SuflPolk, 

 Norfolk, Leicestershire : the low general standard ; Arthur Young ; his 

 crusade against bad farming, and the hindrances to progress ; waste 

 land ; the " Goths and Vandals " of open-field farmers : want of capital 

 and education ; insecurity of tenure ; prejudices and traditional practices ; 

 impassable roads ; rapid development of manufacture demands a change 

 of agricultiu-al front : Young's advocacy of capitalist landlords and large 

 tenant-farmers. Pp. 190-206 



