VARIOUS METHODS OF PAYING TllBES 459 



Cumberland. Tithes generally taken in kind. A few parishes pay a modus ; 

 others are tithe-free in consideration of a portion of the common being allotted 

 to the impropriator. 



Derby. Survey and valuation made annually before harvest. The usual 

 rates charged are : hay, 2s. 6d. to 4s. 6d. an acre ; wheat, 12s. to 14s. ; oats, 

 7s. to 10s. 6d. ; barley, 10s. Often surveyors fix a gross sum for the parish, 

 which is paid by the principal occupier, and the proportions are adjusted 

 among the farmers themselves. 



Lancashire. Tithes in many places collected in kind ; com, yj-th of the 

 crop ; hay, compounded for at 5s. per acre, and at 6s. for clover in the first 

 year. 



Northumberland. Some tithes collected moderately, others rigorously ; 

 some let the tithes at a fair rent for a term of years ; others value and let 

 every year. 



Staffordshire. Tithes diminish the wheat-growing area : farmers decHne 

 to sow com, and prefer to graze their land, because of the large simas demanded 

 by the tithiagmen. 



Westmoreland. Some tithes collected in kind, or farmers have the option 

 of taking at valuation. 



Yorkshire, West. Great tithes often taken in kind ; but much reduced 

 by grazmg. 



Yorkshire, North. Tithes in lay hands being extinguished by purchases 

 made by landowners ; in clerical hands, tithes being diminished by enclosures 

 and allotments of land in lieu. 



