INSECTS AFFECTING PARK ANU WOODLAND TREES IQ 



interesting; object aiul the tlaintily colored one of tlie monarch butterfly, 

 though conspicuous when removed from its natural surroundings, is not 

 often detected in the field. The pupa is usually conical or subconical in 

 form with the rudimentary antennae, wings and legs closely appressed to 

 the breast. It nia\- be concealoil by ihc last larval skin which usualh' turns 

 brown, hardens and then is known as the |niparium, as in many flies. The 

 unsheltered pupae of man\- beetles are protectively colored or rendered 

 inconspicuous by morphologic resemblances. This stage is specially a 

 period of transformation and reorganization. 



Achdt. The comparatively simple caterpillar changes into the delicate 

 highly organized moth or butterfly, which in due time emerges from the 

 shroudlike pupal case. This last stage, contrary to popular belief, is not 

 marked by growth. ITies of various sizes belong to different species ; the 

 larger are not parents of the smaller. Some species take no food in the 

 adult condition. A few moths are wingless and simply emerge, deposit 

 their eggs in a few days and die, but the majority consume enough to sus- 

 tain life for a longer period and not a few winter in this stage. The main 

 object of the adult existence is to provide for the perpetuation of the 

 species and death usually follows soon after. 



This stage is marked by great diversity of form and the study of 

 perfect insects in particular and the relation of one to another forms the 

 basis of systematic entomology. The elaborate classification now recog- 

 nized is not the work of one man or even of a single generation, but repre- 

 sents the combined efforts of many students from the time of Linnaeus and 

 others to the present. 



Hibernation. The winter is a period of comparative quiet and few 

 insects are seen in this latitude. The first inference is that most of them 

 have died or disappeared somewhere and the rigors of our climate undoubt- 

 edly kill many, yet vast numbers pass the winter in safety and are readily 

 found after a little searching. Some species, as previously stated, hibernate 

 in the (t^% stage. The tent caterpillars, the white marked tussock moths 

 and certain predaceous bugs are familiar e.xamples of this method of win- 



