INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 43 



greater benefit to the public, particularly in the poorer sections of a city 

 where shade trees are most needed and where they are usually neglected, is 

 a strong argument in favor of such spraying operations being done by vil- 

 lages and municipalities. The more general and thorough the work, the 

 more satisfactor\' are the results. 



Proper apparatus. In order to do this work successfully one must 

 possess a force pump capable of throwing a stream some distance, a num- 

 ber of feet of hose and a nozzle that will discharge a rather tine spray. 

 There must also be something to hold the poisonous mixture and a ladder 

 facilitates the work of application greatly. 



One of the best arrangements for hand work is most (probably found in 

 a spra)ing outfit on wheels that can be readily moved from place to place 

 I pi. 21]. In most cases this takes the form of a box or barrel to which a 

 force pump is firmly attached, and is either provided with wheels or designed 

 to be placed in a wagon. It is necessary to have 25 to 50 or more feet of 

 Vj^ or Yi inch hose when spraying tall trees, while the addition of a 10 to 

 25 foot metal extension adds materially to the value of the apparatus. It 

 is essential to have a nozzle that will produce a fine spray, not clog, and 

 which can be quickly adjusted to throw a coarse spray some distance if 

 desirable. Such an outfit is of great service to any individual having con- 

 siderable spraying to do and it could undoubtedly be used to advantage by 

 those desiring to make a business of spraying in a small way, as for example 

 the treating of trees here and there for those in cities wishing their trees 

 sprayed and not willing to purchase the necessary apparatus. 



In the extended work against insects, specially the elm leaf beetle, con- 

 ducted by cities and villages, it is desirable to have apparatus that will 

 admit of more rapid work. This at first led to the refitting of retired fire 

 engines and the designing of more or less cumbersome outfits for the pur- 

 pose. In all cases these makeshifts have been successful, though they are 

 not so satisfactory in operation as those specially adapted to the purpose. 

 One of the best forms of apparatus yet designed for spraying trees is that 

 constructed under the direction of Dr E. B. Southwick, entomologist of the 



