46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



add 8 gal. soft water. Or to a saturated solution of washing soda add soft 

 soap to make a thick paint ; this is improved by i pt. of crude carbolic acid 

 and i^ lb paris green to lo gal. of wash. Or in 6 gal. of saturated solu- 

 tion of washing soda, dissolve i gal. of soft soap, add i pt. of carbolic acid, 

 mix thoroughly, slack enough lime in 4 gal. of water, so that when added, a 

 thick whitewash will result, then add ^ lb of paris green, mix thoroughly. 

 The latter is probably the best. Valuable only to prevent egg-laying on 

 bark. 



SELECTION AND PL.\NTING OF TREES 



Something can be done along this line, in the case of shade trees, 

 toward preventing serious depredations by some pests. Rapidly growing 

 tr.ees have vigor enough to withstand the attacks of some insects and 

 apparently they are not able to thrive on such trees. This result can be 

 obtained only by providing the right conditions. Trees should be set in 

 congenial soil and placed where they will have no difficulty in securing an 

 adequate amount of nourishment, water and sufficient light. Requisite 

 space should be provided or crowding, followed by lowered vitality and 

 insect attack will probably result. 



The abundance of serious insect enemies in the eastern United States 

 makes it advisable lo consider the resistance of certain trees to insect 

 injury before setting them out. Some are very subject to such attacks and 

 while there are other important factors to be taken into account, this should 

 not be overlooked. Dr L. O. Howard in connection with some estimates 

 prepared by Dr B. E. Fernow, then chief of the division of forestry in the 

 United States Department of Agriculture, prepared a rating representing 

 the comparative resistance of our more important shade trees to insect 

 enemies. Dr Howard, as entomologist of the federal government, necessa- 

 rily considered the value of these species in all parts of the country, and 

 the following is a revision of a local comparative rating of our more impor- 

 tant shade trees prepared by the writer at the request of Mr Frederick 

 Shonnard of Yonkers N. Y. It varies little from a similar estimate pre- 

 pared by Dr Howard, and has been modified to represent more nearl)- our 



