12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



The butterfly and moth family, Lepidoptera, contributes some injurious 

 groups, and in addition there are in certain famiHes a number ot destructive 

 species with no equally injurious close relatives. 



The old group Bombycidae included some of our most destructive leaf 

 feeders, such as the white marked tussock moth, the fall webworm, the 

 imported gipsy moth and others. 



The Cossidae are wood borers and include several rather destructive 

 forms, specially the carpenter worm and the leopard moth. 



The Sesiidae are also a family of borers, some of which are rather 

 injurious to forest trees. 



Certain species of the true bugs or Hemiptera are of considerable 

 importance because of their depredations on trees and shrubs. Possibly 

 the most injurious, though not usually considered so, are the plant lice, 

 which year after year make drafts on the vital fluids of various plants and 

 some seasons cause very great injur)-. This was particularly true in 1898 

 and 1903. The scale insects belong here, and some of them cause serious 

 damage, not only weakening trees but in some instances killing them. This 

 is true of the cottony maple scale, P u 1 v i n a r i a i n n u m e r a b i 1 i s Rathv., 

 and also of the San Jose scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., 

 which latter is very destructive to certain ornamentals. 



Certain of the other orders contain species of some economic impor- 

 tance, though most of them may be disregarded in this connection. 



Literature. |The American literature relating to forest entomology is 

 not very abundant. The pioneer in this work was undoubtedly Dr Asa 

 Fitch, practically the first state entomologist, who gave considerable space 

 to the subject in both his fourth and fifth reports, thereby leaving records 

 of great value. These publications were followed by Bulletin 7 of the 

 United States Entomological Commission, prepared by Dr Packard, who in 

 1890 extended that into the voluminous and valuable fifth report of the 

 commission, a work which is a veritable storehouse full of information. A 

 number of later writers have treated of certain phases of the subject, par- 

 ticularly Dr Hopkins, who is easily the American authority on the Scolyt- 



