84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



regarded as a dangerous enemy of cottonwood. Dr J. B. Smith records 

 this insect as working in willow, poplars, and chestnut in addition to those 

 given above, and he adds that infested trees are of little value for any 

 other purpose than fuel. 



Remedial measures. This moth's habit of depositing eggs in crevices, 

 particularly about injuries caused by earlier attacks or possibly by other 

 borers, may be taken advantage of to protect trees to some extent by 

 keeping the trunks smooth. Rough, wounded places should be carefully 

 dressed and in the case of a serious injury by earlier borings, it would pay 

 to cement and otherwise close these points of entrance, and in some 

 instances the insects might be killed by injecting carbon bisulfid. 



It is very possible that this could be done even after the attack has 

 been in progress for some years and a serious wound made. A con- 

 siderable amount of the insecticide should be used in such cases, and all 

 the orifices at the point of entrance covered and sealed with cement, putty, 

 or soap, so as to prevent the rapid escape of the fumes. The employment 

 of this insecticide might advantageously accompany the use of cement in 



many cases. 



Bibliography 



1818 Peck, W. D. Mass. Agric. Rep. 5th Rep't, p. 67-73 



1859 Fitch, Asa. Ins. N. Y. 5th Rep't, p. 4-10 



1890 Packard, A. S. U. S. Ent. Com. 5th Rep't, p. 53-58 



1896 Johnson, C. W. Pa. Dep't Agric. Rep't, p. 353-55 



Round-headed apple borer 



Saperda Candida Fabr. 



A round-headed, white, legless grub infests thorn apple, mountain ash and shadbush 

 as well as fruit trees, making large tunnels at the base of the trunk and frequently killing 

 the trees. 



There is no insect so well known as this species, which has become 

 notorious on account of its severe injuries to fruit trees, many of which 

 are killed before they have been in the ground more than three or four 

 years, and thousands are rendered comparatively worthless when not killed 

 outriofht. 



