INSECTS AFFF.CTIXG PAKK AND WOODLAND TREES IO3 



purple color seen near the larger jx^^HeTies. Infested t\vii;s collected at this 

 time and placed in breeding cages were bored to a considerable extent by 

 the grubs, most of the galleries being in the central portion of the twigs. 

 No adults were obtained from this material, but a later sending received 

 July 18, containetl a number of beetles within their burrows, and subse- 

 quently many emerged. The duration of the pupal stage has been deter- 

 mined by Mr Kirkland as about i8 days. 



Food plants. This species has been recorded by various European 

 authors as attacking willows, alders, and birches. It has proved specially 

 injurious to willows and poplars in this country. Mr M. F. Adams of 

 Buffalo, states that he has taken this species from balsam poplar, balm of 

 Gilead, Carolina poplar, Lombardy poplar, Babylonian willow, heart-leaved 

 willow, Kilmarnock willow, and from the trunk of the new American weep- 

 ing willow. He states further that he has never taken it from the golden 

 barked willow, laurel-leaved willow, silver poplar, or bollean poplar, 

 though a great many of these varieties were growing in the vicinity of 

 infested trees. Mr Kirkland has recorded it as occurring in the cotton- 

 wood (Populus) and in the silver or bollean poplar. 



Remedial measures. This insect, like many borers, is comparatively 

 inaccessible, and the most practical method of checking its ravages appears 

 to be cutting and burning all seriously infested wood in early spring. The 

 burrows of the larger grubs, at least, can easily be distinguished at this time 

 and probably the preceding fall. The work of the young grubs is very 

 difficult to detect, but with careful examination it should be possible to 

 recognize most of the infested wood. 



Bibliography 

 1897 Jack, J. G. Garden and Forest. 10: 394 

 1899 Kirkland, A. H. Pysche. 8:371-72 

 1902 Webster, F. M. Ent. Soc. Ont. 33d Rep't 1901. p. 67-73 



