INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES I15 



ing these clusters with kerosene emulsion, whale oil soap solution (i pound 

 to 4 gallons) — a tobacco whale oil soap is better — or pouring boiling water 

 over them. For methods of preparing kerosene emulsion see page 36. 



Thorough spraying with any one of the poisons described on a preced- 

 ing page and in the manner directed will kill these caterpillars very quickly. 

 If they are nearly full grown anil man\- are crawling to the sprayed trees 

 from others, it is perfectly possible that all the foliage may be devoured 

 before the caterpillars have eaten enough poison to kill them, but under 

 most circumstances there need be little fear of the arsenical spray proving 

 ineffective. The cost attendant on this method will lead people to depend 

 largely on other means. Even a hand spraying outfit requires some outlay, 

 while if many trees are to be sprayed a power outfit, described on a preced- 

 ing page, is the most economical in the long run. 



After the damage has been done, many of the insects are within man's 

 power and can be killed in their cocoons. From about the middle to the 

 last of June thousands of cocoons can be collected with little labor, and if 

 this is done, opportunity should be given the parasites to escape before the 

 cocoons are destroyed, as stated on a preceding page. Every healthy female 

 pupa killed means one less egg mass to produce its approximately 150 

 hungry caterpillars another spring. During the summer of 1899, many hun- 

 dreds of cocoons were collected and destroyed. Local authorities in Glens 

 Falls, Saratoga Springs ' and several other villages offered the school 

 children 10 cents a quart for these cocoons. Glens Falls paid for 1350 

 quarts, Saratoga Springs 744, Mohawk 450 and other communities took 



similar action. 



Bibliography 



1898 Felt, E. P. State Ent. 14th Rep't X. V. State Mas. Bui. 23, p. 191-201 

 1898 Fish. Game and For. Com. 4tli Rep't, p. 374-80 



1899 Lowe, V. H. N. Y. Agric. E.\p. Sta. Bui. 15, p. 33-60 



1899 Slingerland, M. V. Cornell Agric. E.xp. Sta. Bui. 170, p. 557-64 



1899 Felt, E. P. N. V. State Agric. Sec. Trans. 59 .-275-76 



1901 State Ent. i6th Rep't N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 36, p. 994-98 



