IN'SECTS AFFKCTIXG PARK AND WOODLAND TREES I47 



conditions in various cities ami villages compels one to accept this conclu- 

 sion as very close to the truth. The extensive and vigorous means employed 

 in controlling this pest in Albany and Troy \. V., luut- mitigated the: injury 

 very materially anil have cUimonstrated the possibilit\- of keeping the insect 

 imder control. The results in Albany are evident to any observer, for 

 instead of a large pro|)ortion of the elms having their leaves skeletonized 

 and brown in midsummer, as was the rule in i Sg6 and 1897, the effects of 

 the work of this pest are seen only here and there where trees have not 

 been thoroughly spra\-ed or else entirely neglected. These more local 

 injuries show that the |)est is still here with unabated vigor and warrants 

 the assumption that the improved condition of the elms is due largely to the 

 extensi\e spraying operations. 



Distribution. This beetle, as stated by Dr Howard, is common over a 

 large part of Europe, but it is injurious only in thi: southern portions of 

 Germany and France and in Italy and Austria. It probalily established 

 itself in this country about 1S34, as it was very injurious to elms in Balti- 

 more in 1838. Its southernmost range has been gi\en by I)r Howard as 

 Charlotte N. C. and Prof. F. M. Webster records finding it north of Salem 

 Mass. It occurs as far west as Kentucky at least and is well established in 

 Ohio. The progress of this insect up the Hudson river valley is interesting 

 to follow, indicating as it does, the distribution of the beetles along the 

 lines of travel. The pest was abundant and destructive at Newburgh in 

 1879, 'i'^*^^ two years later it was reported from Poughkeepsie, in 1890 from 

 Hudson, in 1891 from New Baltimore, in 1892 it was known in Albany and 

 Troy, in 1896 it was taken at Mechanicvillc, in 1900 it was located at Schu\- 

 lerville and Salem, and in 1904 it was found in numbers at Glens Falls, it was 

 abundant at Hoosick F'alls in 1899 and it .has also been taken at Oswego, 

 Hastings and Rochester. It occurs at Ithaca and is present in numbers 

 at Ehiiira, Chemung co. The above dates indicate approximately the 

 rapidity with which the insect has made its way from one place to another, 

 and show that it spreads much more readily along the Hudson river than 

 east or west from its banks. The distribution of the species in this .State 



