l62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



by Mr Kirkland. The yellow and black billed cuckoos feed on the spiny 

 caterpillars. 



Remedies. The gregarious habit of the caterpillars may be taken 

 advantage of by cutting off the branch on which they are clustered and then 

 they may be killed by crushing. They may be dislodged by shaking, 

 jarring with a padded mallet or by use of a torch and then crushed on the 

 ground. This species can also be controlled by spraying with an arsenical 

 poison and when the caterpillars are very abundant, this will probably be 

 the most satisfactory way of checking the insect. 



Bibliography 

 1899 Felt, E. P. Fish. Game and For. Com. 5th Reji't, p. 368-71 

 1899 Weed, C. M. N. H. Agric. Exp! Sta. Bui. 67, p. 125-41 



Elm leaf miner 

 Kaliosyphinga ultiii Sund. 

 Circular, somewhat irreguhir mines occur in considerable numbers in the leaves of 

 European and American elms. 



This leaf miner was exceedingly abundant in Albany and vicinity on 

 European and American elms from 1895 to 1900. The larvae make very 

 irregular blotched mines, which are frequently fused together so that several 

 occur in a mine, and occasionally so much of the parenchyma is eaten out, 

 that from one half to two thirds or even three fourths of the leaf is destroyed. 

 This is particularly true of Camperdown elms, which are more liable to 

 attack than other species, and in several instances observed, over ()0% of the 

 leaves were very badly infested. The work of this leaf miner is more 

 apparent the latter part of the summer because the drying of the tissues 

 makes the old mines very conspicuous. The attack was first observed on 

 European elms and later it spread to American elms. This species, as 

 stated by Cameron, mines the leaves of the Scotch and English elms, several 

 larvae living In the same leaf. It is said that there is but one brood in 

 England, where it is very common. The species is also recorded by Cam- 

 eron from Scotland, Sweden, Germany, France and Russia. 



