INSF.CTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLANn TREF,S 



197 



a scaly covering and in the fall present the appearance shown at ficjure 12, 

 on plate 2. 



Life history and habits. This species is very prolific. One female 

 rarely deposits less than 500 eggs and most frecpu-ntly produces over 2000, 

 as estimated by the late J. I). Putnam, who published an 

 exhaustive paper on this species in the proceedings of the 

 Davenport Academy of Natural Science, of Iowa. Certain 

 facts regarding the life history of this insect are taken from 

 his treatise on this scale insect. The )oung leave the 

 mother in immense numbers about the latter part of July, 

 in the latitude of Albany X. Y., and establish themselves 

 along the veins and usually on the underside of the leaves. 

 Some may be found on the upper surface, and occasionally Fig. 

 attacking the more tender twigs. The breeding season in j.o"urghib'e 

 Washington D. C, as stated b\' Dr Howard, extends from Jr^d" "(kft^r Howard, 

 the latter part of May or early June, into early July, and Ent. 'bul''22, .i.TVi^oor" 

 ma\' last till August. He states that the young on the underside of 

 the leaves appear to grow more rapidly than those on the upper sur- 

 face. The first molt occurs in the vicinity of Washington D. C, in about 

 a month. This is followed by the secretion of a homogeneous layer of 

 wax. The insects are yellow'ish for a period, the females showing deep 

 red markings about the time the delicate two winged males appear. They 

 later change to a brownish color, and migrate to the side of the twigs 

 shortly before the leaves fall. Mr Putnam found that the males appear in 

 Iowa, Aug. I to Sep. 15, pair and then die. Dr Howard records the 

 appearance of the males at Washington D. C, on Aug. 18, and states that 

 the full grown male scales may be easily recognized by their narrower 

 and more convex form. The females pass the winter on the underside 

 of the twigs, and in the spring increase rapidly in size and secrete large 

 amounts of honeydew, which gums the leaves and smears everything 

 beneath the infested trees. The last of April or early in Mav, in the vicin- 

 ity of Washington D. C, the insects -begin to excrete the familiar cottony 



