226 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



is blowing in an opposite direction, since it is almost impossible to thor- 

 oughly spray a tree, particularly a large one, without the aid of a favorable 

 breeze. Spraying outfits are rather expensive, and a man with a few trees 

 will undoubtedly find it much cheaper to hire his spraying done, and in 

 some cases at least, cooperative neighborhood work will prove the most 

 economical and satisfactory method of controlling this dangerous pest. 

 The species has such a range of food plants that only in exceptional cases 

 is it advisable to attempt the extermination of the species in a locality. 



Bibliography 



1896 Lintner, J. A. Ins. N. Y. nth Rep't, p. 200-33 



1896 Howard, L. O. & Marlatt, C. L. U. S. Dep"t Agric. Div. Ent. Bui. 4, n. s 



p. 1-80 



1897 Lowe, V. H. N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 136, p. 571-602 



1898 Howard, L. O. U. S. Dep't Agric. Div. Ent. Bui. 12, n. s. p. 1-32 

 1900 Felt, E. P. State F;nt. i6th Rep't. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 36, p. 967-88 

 i9or N. V. State Mus. i!ul. 46, p. 304-23, 336-42 



1902 State Ent. 17th Rep't. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 53, p. 761-75 



Putnam's scale 

 Aspidiotiis aiicylus Piitr. 

 Circular or oval, dark gray or black scale insects about '/,2 inch in diameter, and 

 with a brick red cast skin or exuviae to one side of the center, may be met with in small 

 numbers on various native trees. 



This is one of our most common native species of Aspidiotus and occa- 

 sionally it occurs in such large numbers as to be somewhat destructive, but 

 ordinarily natural agents of one kind or another keep it in check. 



Description. This species may be more easily recognized by its dark 

 gray or black color and by its brick red cast skin or exuviae which is a little 

 to one side of the center. The full grown scale insect is about V12 inch in 

 diameter. The young scales remain white or pink for a considerable 

 period, and usually have a well developed nipple and an inconspicuous ring. 

 A twig badly infested by this species has a dark gray or almost black color, 

 relieved here and there by the reddish exuviae. \Sce pi. 14, fig. 5-9] 



