I.NSliCTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 23 1 



season. The protracted laying period makes the development of the second 

 brood very irregular and no ])recise dates can be given. Mr Cooley states 

 that hi' has seen living females at Amherst which were just completing Qgg 

 lading December 6. 



Natural enemies. Two small hymenopterous parasites, P e r i s s o p- 

 t e r u s p u 1 c h e 1 1 u s H tnv. and A ]) h e 1 i n ii s m y t i 1 a s ]) i d i s Le H. 

 have been reared from this scale insect. The beneficial twice stabbed 

 ladybeetle, Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls., has been repeatedly 

 recorded as feeding on this scale insect. C)ther species observed feeding 

 on this pest are Cybocephalus nigritulus Lee, Scymnus species, 

 Harmonia picta Rand and Chrysopa species. 



Bibliography 



1856 Fitch, Asa. Ins. N. V. 2d Rep't, p. 255-62 



1889 Lintner, J. A. Ins. N. V. 5th Rep't, p. 266-67 



1899 Cooley, R. A. Mass. .\gric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Bui. p. 30X-34 



Periodical cicada 

 Tibiccn scptcndcciDi Linn. 



A stout, large black, insect with four membranous orange veined wings and red eyes, 

 frequently oviposits in the twigs of many trees, causing them to wither and fall. 



This insect is one of the most interesting species occurring in the State. 

 Its presence in enormous numbers from time to time, and its extremely long 

 life cycle, e.\cites great popular interest. This species can hardly be con- 

 sidered of much economic importance, though frequently exceedingly 

 abundant in some localities, since most of its operations are confined to 

 forest trees, where the loss of a great man\' twigs is not a serious matter. 

 Occasionally, this insect appears in enormous numbers in young orchards or 

 •on grounds set with choice trees, and by ovipositing in them inflicts great 

 loss. These latter instances, however, are relatively rare. 



Life history. This insect presents an extraordinary life cycle, requiring 

 17 years in the Northern States to complete its final transformations, 

 though the adult existence is relatively extremely short. WMiat is believed 

 to be the same species has a life cycle of only 13 years in the .Southern 



