INSECTS AKFECTINC; PARK AND WOODI.AX I) TKEES 2 ^ t 



perioil reciuircd for hatching- has bct-n ^ivcn hy various authors at from 52 

 to 42 da\-s tlown to 14. The rL'ccntl)- hatched cicaihis are slender j4rul)Hke 

 creatures, about ', 10 inch loni,^ They are as lively as ants, and after run- 

 ninir about on the tree for a short time, drop to the s^round and bury 

 themsehes. Their stroiit^ forelegs are well adapteil for di_L(t,^inir, and are 

 undoubtetlly of great service in searching for the tender succulent rootlets 

 on which they feed. The young grow so slowly and require so little food, 

 that but slight injur)- to trees or shrubs results from their j)resence. They 

 remain at a moderate depth, specially during the earlier and latter portions 

 of their existence, though at times they have been found a number of feet 

 below the surface. There is little change during the lapse of 16 years, 

 except in size, between the newly hatched nymph and its full grown form. 

 Towards the latter part of this period, there may be noticed four scalelike 

 appendages, the rudimentary wings. The nymph makes its way to the 

 surface in the spring of the 17th year, by boring a smooth, firmly com- 

 pacted gallery with a channel just large enough to allow the insect to pass. 

 This gallery may even be made through a firmly compacted pathway or 

 around stones and other objects which can not be pierced. The pupa 

 remains in the upper portion of this gallery till the time comes for it to 

 forsake the earth and undergo its final transformation. L'nder certain con- 

 ditions, the nymphs construct curious chambers over the mouths of their 

 burrows, and prior to 1894, these structures were regarded as exceedingly 

 rare, but investigations by Dr Lintner in that year revealed their presence 

 in numbers in many localities in the Hudson river valley. Mr Benjamin 

 Lander of Xyack, found one tract of land of about 60 acres in extent 

 which had from 5 to 22 of these structures to the square foot. These inter- 

 esting chambers were also found at Upper Nyack, South Nyack, Grand View 

 on Hudson, Piermont, and on the top of the Palisades near Alpine. A 

 number were found at West Point, and Miss Emily d. • Morton observed 

 them in the grass at New Windsor. They were seen at Marlboro, occurred 

 in the sandy soil along the river at Poughkeepsie and were found under 

 the lea\'es in the woods at Bangall, were met with at Athens, and 



