268 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



This form is usually recorded as a hickory borer, though Mr Chittend-en 

 cites an instance where he reared this species from plum branches badly 

 infested by the fruit tree bark beetle, Scolytus rugulosus Ratz. He 

 also reports it as injurious to all kinds of oaks. Dr Lugger records it from 

 apple, and Dr Hopkins has listed it from chestnut. 



Distribution. This species appears to be widely distributed though not 

 abundant in the northeastern United States, having been recorded from 

 Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, District of Columbia, Ohio and 

 Minnesota. 



Preventive measures. This borer displays a marked preference for 

 felled timber, and Professor Osborn states that if the wood be cut in the 

 fall or early winter, so that it becomes thoroughly dry before the beetles 

 appear the following summer, there is much less danger of injury. Peeling 

 the bark is also believed to afford considerable immunitj-, though this has 

 not been established by e.xperimental evidence. The above statements are 

 based largely on Professor Osborn's account of this insect in Garden and 

 Forest for May iS88, p. 148. 



Tiger hickory borer 

 Goes tigrina DeG. 



The large creamy yellow grubs of this species may make large holes lengthwise in 

 the inner bark and sapwood of living hickory, oak, and possibly some other trees. 



This species has been characterized by Dr Packard, as perhaps the 

 most common borer in hickory and walnut in the Southern States. The 

 voung larvae, according to Dr F"itch, live at first on the soft outer layers 

 of the sapwood, mining a shallow cavity about the orifice. The overlying 

 bark dies and turns black. With increase in size and correspondingly 

 stronger jaws, the larva gnaws into solid wood from the upper part of the 

 burrow, boring obliquely inward and upward, all the lower portion being 

 commonlv packed with sawdustlike chips. P'inally, when the grub has 

 attained full growth, the upper end of the burrow is extended outward to 

 the bark, in order that the adult may readily escape from its burrow. 



Description. The adult has been characterized by Dr Fitch, as a long- 



