276 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



killed, that the beetles were mostly dead at that time and that the 

 secondary galleries made by the orubs were from i ^2 to 2 inches long. 

 He also observed that the females entered green living tissues by preference 

 and that a large proportion of the hickory foliage had been destroyed at 

 that time by the beetles burrowing the leaf petioles and twigs. Black 

 walnut twigs had also suffered to some extent. 



Earlier injuries. The outlook for hickories in that section of New York 

 State is not very encouraging if we may judge from the previous records 

 of this insect. The attention of the late Ur Rile\' was called in 1867 to 

 the very destructive work of this insect about Princeton 111., where it hatl 

 destroyed hickory trees for the previous 10 \ears and in 1S72 the injuries 

 caused by this beetle in Washington county, Mo., were brought to his 

 notice. This pest is recorded as having caused considerable damage about 

 Newark X. J. from 1891 to 1894, at which latter date general alarm was 

 felt on accoimt of so man)' trees dying. It was reported as quite injurious 

 about Crafton, Alleghany co., Pa. in 1894. The next year or two it must 

 have caused considerable mischief as the trouble was noticed in the report 

 of the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture for 1896 and there this 

 insect was characterized as the most destructive bark beetle in Alleghany 

 county where it had caused the death of a large number of hickories. 



Mr C. \\. Johnson observes in this report that the borer was most 

 destructive in woods where the imderbrush had been trimmed out and it 

 may be well in this connection to notice that practically the same condi- 

 tions obtain among the infested hickories at Geneseo. 



Professor Osborn records considerable injury to hickory and walnut 

 trees in Iowa about this time, the leaves of all being cut off more or less 

 and some 8 inch shell bark trees killeil. 



Life history and habits. The life history of this borer may be summa- 

 rized as follows. The beetles appear from the last of June to the last of 

 July and may be found in New York State up to the middle of August. 

 They bore young twigs, terminal buds and green nuts, evidently for food, 

 and in this manner they frequently cause the wilting of leaves and the 



