INSECTS AFKKCTIXC I'ARK AND WOODLAND I Ur.F.S 



2/7 



deatli of twij^rs. riu'\- attack the l)ark of tin- trunk aiul the hir^x-r branches 

 in Jul)-, each female making a \ertical L^aller)- an inch or nion,' in length and 

 along- tlic sides of which she deposits in small notches 20 to 40 or 50 egj^s. 

 The parental ijalleries are frequently very reL,rularly placed on the tree one 

 above another. The ej^gs soon hatch and tiie grubs work in the: tissues at 

 first at nearly right angles to the primary galleries but those at the extremi- 

 ties soon diverge from the others till they run nearly parallel with the wood 

 fibers. The larval galleries rarely cross each othi-r. Winter is passetl 1))' 

 the grubs in a nearly full grown condition. They transform to pujKi the 

 last of May and the beetles appear about 

 a month later. \Scc pi. 39, fig. 4 for 

 method of work in trunks] 



Prof. J. B. Smith of New Bruns- 

 wick has expressed the opinion that 

 two broods of this insect may occur in 

 Pennsylvania but no other writer has 

 observed anything which indicated more 

 than one annual generation and the lat- 

 ter seems to be true in New York State 

 at least. 



Description. The adult insect is a small brown or black 

 beetle about ' 5 inch in length. This species is more easily 

 recognized by its characteristic work in hickories as the differ- 

 ences between the adults of the various forms are not \ery 

 apparent to other than experts. The grubs are about '^ inch 

 in length, white with brownish heads and powerful dark 

 colored jaws. The structure of the antennae is shown at 

 plate 67, figure 15. 



Signs of injury. The preliminary signs of injury are 



Fig. 47 Middle tibiT'exceedingly important because they frequently tell of the 



borer (original) troublc bcforc it has passed the remedial stage. Wilting 



leaves and dead twigs in midsummer are the principal indications of the 



