INSECTS AKFKCTING I'AUK AND WOODLAND TREES 30 1 



yellow. Tile le^s arc vitv slcntU'r and lonjj;-, claws hilid, tootlu'tl, and with 

 well developed rnii)odiuni. The (.listended abdomen of the ^ravitl female is 

 dark red with its load of egi^s. The abdomen of the male is nearly l)lack 

 and the elas|)(>rs are tipped with very short, minute teeth. The puparium 

 is subconic, about • ,s inch lon^, with the anterior two thirds tlark straw color, 

 and the posterior third tlark rufous. The antennae antl 

 prominent dorsal processes of the pupa are represented 

 in hg-ure 60. The pupal maniiibles are four toothed, n^. 59 wi„7^]7E^np<;an 

 tipped with light brown, chitinous, and the ventral tooth rniXr" " '''^''' """^ 

 is nearly twice the size of the one ne.xt to it, which in turn is larger than 

 the others, all curve sonie and taper to acute points. 



The larvae is stout, orange red, with i i easily distinguished segments. 

 It is Ki inch long, and the "breast bone" or sternal spatula is nearly black, 

 enlarged slightl\- at both extremities, and two toothed anteriorly. 



The reddish orange eggs are lanceo-elliptic in outline, and are about 

 '/75 inch in length. 



The gall occurs on the smaller shoots of the willow, and is a 



more or less irregular enlargement about y2 inch in length | pi. 50, 



fig. 4|. The bark from the infested portions turns brown or black 



before the insects appear, and the pupal case remains protruding 



from the empty gall. 



Fig. 60 Pit- Pafasitcs. Several parasites were reared by the writer from this 



E^iropeli. species and they have been kindly identified by Dr Ashmead, 



midge, ^' through the courtesy of Dr L. O. Howard, as follows : T r i d y m u s 



i"rged "" s a 1 i c i s Nees, a species not previously known to occur in America ; 



Tridymus met alliens Ashm. was bred in small numbers from galls 



received in the spring of 1902, and Polygonotus salicicola Ashm., 



was reared in considerable numbers. The presence of several parasites, 



and tilt- abundance of at least one, leads to the hope that natural agents will 



soon control this pest. 



Remedial measures. There is apparently no better method of check- 

 ing this insect than by cutting and burning the infested shoots in early 



