INSECTS AFFECTING PARK AND WOODLAND TREES 



329 



use of paris green. In all probability arsenate of lead would be more 



effective. 



Bibliography 



1897 Lintner, J. A. Ins. N. V. 12th Rip't i.Sge, j). 264-67 



1902 Chittenden, F. H. U. S. Dep't Agric. I)iv. Ent. Bui. 38, n. s. p. 70-82 



Golden oak scale 



AstcrolccaniiiDi variolosiun Ratz. 



This circular, convex, bright yellow or golden scale insect, about 'Ae inch in 

 diameter sometimes occurs on oak twigs in very large numbers. 



This introduced species has become established in several localities 

 within the State, and on account of its Injuries and abundance has been 

 brought to the writer's attention on several occasions. It was received on 

 white oak twigs from Yonkers N. Y., Sep. 16, 1900, at which time many of 

 the branches were literally covered In places with this Insect. 



Early history. This species was first recognized in this country in 



1880 by Professor Comstock, who records it from imported oaks on the 



■/ 

 Department of Agriculture grounds at Washington D. C. He adds that 



the species is not a common one In Europe, though it is occasionally quite 



destructive to Individual trees. Dr L. O. Howard, writing of this insect In 



1889, states that It occurred at that time on the grounds of the Department 



of Agriculture at Washington, almost entirely on American oaks. This 



species was recorded on an old white swamp oak at Elizabeth N. J. in 1891, 



by Dr J. B. Smith, who states that a small branch was densely covered by 



the scales of this insect, and that the entire tree was badly Infested. This 



attack was first observed In 1890. This species Is characterized by the 



editor of Gardening xn 1895, as the greatest enemy of the golden oak and 



the statement Is made that most of these oaks appear Infested by this pest. 



Mr A. S. Fuller in Gai'dcning for the same year, states that he observed the 



species about 1889, and adds that many smaller twigs and branches of 



infested trees died as the result of attack. The following spring, however, 



he was unable to find an\' specimens. Mr Fuller records this scale insect as 



