1 Work of sawfly on willow leaves 



Locust leaf miner, Odontota dorsalis Thunb. 



2 Work of beetles 



Brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn. 



3 Two characteristic nests 



Pitch-mass borer, P a r h a r m o n i a p i n i Kell. 



4 Pitch mass with empty cocoon protruding 



