Ch. XXXIV.] WINTER STALL-FEEDING. 380 



considerably more than on raw food, but that their additional increase of 

 llesh by no means paid for the charge of coals and labour occasioned by 

 the operation of steaming ; for it thus appears that the heifers on steamed 

 food had only 1 st. 11 lb. more beef, while those on raw food had the 

 advantage of 1 st. 7 lb. in point of tallow ; and it seems by the account 

 that the stot No. 1 left a loss when killed of 3s. 8jd., while that of No, 3 

 gave a profit of 10s. lOd. The table also shows a larger monthly increase 

 of flesh on the stot No. 4 than that on No. 2 ; but it is not improbable that 

 this advantage may be in some measure more attributable to constitution 

 than to difference of food, for they were afterwards put into very rich 

 pasture, and then fed upon clover and Swedish turnips until the 11th of 

 January, 1834, when their dead weight showed the same superiority in No. 

 4 : being — 



No. 2.— Beef, 73 st. 8 lbs. ; Tallow, 10 st. 5 lbs. ; Hide, 7 st. 3 lbs. 

 No. 4.— Do., 77 „ „ ; Do., 12 „ 9 „ ; Do., 6 „ 8 „ 



Another trial was made at the same time by Mr. Andrew Howden, 

 of Lawhead, in East Lothian, who, on the 6th of March, put up six 

 stots and twelve heifers, of twenty-two months each *, and divided 

 them into lots of three each which were then daily fed until the 6th of 

 June, in the following manner : — 



Lots 1 & 2, Heifers — Each beast 140 lbs. of yellow and Swedish turnips. 

 „ 3 & 4, Do. — „ 84 „ of potatoes. 



„ 5 & 6, Stots. — „ 42 „ do., with 7 lb. of bean and oatmeal. 



The quantity of food for each lot was weighed out daily raw, and that 

 which was afterwards steamed was dressed fresh every day, except the 

 portion intended for Sunday, which was prepared on Saturday night. 

 Each beast had also from 8 to 10 lbs. of oat straw, and those which 

 were fed upon potatoes had every day a pailful of water, which held 

 ten Scotch pints — or about five gallons. 



The cattle were sold together for the same price — £12 each — and 

 in the annexed table of their respective weights it is assumed that the 

 expense of keep, as there represented, will be near the truth if turnips 

 be valued at Bs. and potatoes at 20s. per ton ; oats at IBs. and beans 

 at 24s. per quarter, — exactly four quarters of which being used in the 

 experiment. 



Weifjht Weight Cost of food for 



5th March. 6th June. Increase. both Lots. 



I Lot 1, on raw turnips 2604 lbs.. . .2996 lbs.. . .392 lbs.!,,,, ,c 



„ 2, ., steamed ditto 2674 „ ...3206 „ ...532 „ j^'"^ ^^** 



„ 3, „rawpotatoes 2670 „ ...3276 „ ...600 „ 1,.^^ ,, 



,, 4, „ steamed ditto 2760 „ .. 3332 „ ...572 „ j*"" ^"^*' 



., 5, „ raw potatoes and corn. 2586 „ ...3318 „ ,..722 ., 1 /-.q q 



„ 6, „ steamed ditto 2690 „ ...3388 „ ...689 „ j^^ '^** 



Experiments upon equal quantities of food cannot, indeed, be considered 



* The age of the stots is not stated ; nor is it clearly stated whether the heifers were 

 twenty-two months old when put up, or when purchased in the previous month of 

 November : considering their weight, we should, however, suppose the latter to be the 

 fact. 



f The inferiority of this lot of heifers fed upon raw turnips is accounted for by the 

 fact that a heap of turnips which had been laid up in the stack-yard had begun to 

 ferment, and had thus acquired an unpleasant taste, which, during the last month of 

 the experimint, prevented these heifers from eating their allowance; while those on 

 steamed turnips con.sumed the usual quantity, as the taint seemed to be destroyed by 

 the operation of steaming. It had, however, a contrary effect upon the potatoes; for, 

 as the season advanced, the cattle seemed to prefer those which were raw. 



