APPENDIX. 591 



Lineal measures are severally distinguished as appertaining to length, sur- 

 face, solidity, and depth. 



Long Measure. 



3 tarley-corns are 1 inch (/k.) 



12 ins. , , 1 foot (F/.) 



3 ft. ,, 1 yard(Fc/.) 



b\ yds. are 1 rod, {Rd.') 



pole, or perch (P.) 

 40 rds. , , 1 furlong {Fur.) 

 8 furs. ,, 1 mile, or 17G0 yds. 



In common usage an ell is 45 inches in length : the height of horses is 

 measured by the hand of 4 inches ; and the fathom, of 6 feet, is applied to 

 depth. 



Square Measure 



applies to both length and breadth, and the superficial contents of the square 

 are ascertained by being multiplied by itself; thus a foot which consists of 12 

 inches, wlien multiplied by 12, are 



144 square inches, . . which form 1 square foot. 



9 „ feet, . . „ „ 1 yard. 



30j „ yards, . . „ „ \ perch or pole, 



40 „ perches, . . „ „ 1 rood 



4 „ roods, or 160 perches, „ „ 1 acre, or 4840 yards. 



The superficial extent of land is usually computed in perches, roods, and acres, 

 and measured by Gunter's chain, which is 22 yards, or 66 feet in length, and is 

 divided into 100 links of 7 '93 inches each; and the square of this chain being 

 484 yards, 10 such squares are equal to an acre. 



By an Act passed in the 5th Geo. IV., for the equalization of measures, it 

 was decreed " that the rood of land shall contain 1218 square yards, and the 

 acre of land 4840 square yards, being 160 square perches." This, which is now 

 the statute acre of the United Kingdom, by which alone the quantity or land 

 to be stated in deeds, agreements, and assessments can be legally measured, is 

 only confirmatory of the old English acre as established by Edward I., of which 

 the perch is S^- yards in length, or 30^ square yards; but the Scotch perch 

 is 6 yards long, or 36 square yards, containing 5760 square yards; and the 

 Irish perch is 7 yards long, or 49 square yards, containing 7840 square yards. 

 They, therefore, bear to the English acre in the following proportion, viz. : — 



The Scotch acre =r 1 a. 1 r. 2 p.1 o. . . 



mu T • u 1 i. 1 o in > Statute measure. 



The Irish ditto =. 1a. 2 r. 19 p. J 



The divisions of the Irish acre, though differing in size, are called by the 

 same names as those of the English acre, but those of Scotland are — 

 9 square feet, I square ell (£.) 1 40 falls, 1 rood (/?o.) 

 36 square ells, 1 fall {Fa.) \ 4 roods, 1 acre {A.) 



*^* The Scotch ell is 37i inches in length. 



' There are also in many counties of England customary acres, by which the 

 measurement of land has been formerly regulated, and are still occasionally 

 used in the letting of farms ; of which the following shows the quantity of each 

 equivalent to 100 Statute acres, viz.: — 



In most places, also, a Hop-acre is that space of ground which contains 1000 

 plants, or about half a statute acre ; a Wood-acre is three-eighths larger than a 

 statute acre ; and a iw^-g- contains 49 square yards of coppice. A perch of 

 walling is of the same length as the statute perch — 164 feet; but a perch of 

 fencing is seven yards long ; and, in the midland counties, the running mea- 

 sure for hedging and ditching is eight yards. 



* The customary perch in Cornwall — as stated in Morgan's Survey of the County — is 

 the same as that of Scotland, namely, 18 feet : but, according to Carew, the old Cornish 

 acre, now disused, contained a much greater number of statute acres. 



