WILD TARPAN AND ITS RELATIONS 97 



at an earlier date by Dr. Woldrich as E. c. fossilis 

 latifrons, which, in the opinion of the former writer, 

 may have been the ancestor of the European 

 Bronze Age pony, identified by Dr. Duerst with his 

 E. c. pwnpellii. The so-called Celtic pony, to 

 which fuller reference is made in the sequel, is 

 considered by Dr. Duerst to be a derivative from 

 his forest type. 



The steppe-type of the same writer, as primarily 

 represented by E. c. germanicus of Nehring, from 

 Westeregeln, Thiede, and Ouedlinburg, was a 

 bigger animal than either of the preceding, with 

 the proportionately narrow forehead characteristic 

 of the heavy horses of Western Europe. How 

 nearly this type was connected with the horse of 

 Solutre, in the Dordogne, north of Lyons, which 

 was probably identical with the one depicted on 

 the walls of the Madelaine Cave, in the same 

 department (plate vii. fig. 2), and thus with 

 the Bruniquel horse, is not clear, although it is 

 probable that all these were of the same general 

 character, and intimately allied to the Mongolian 

 tarpan. Indeed Dr. Duerst states that some of the 

 Solutr^ bones are absolutely indistinguishable from 

 those of the latter. If this steppe-type be insepar- 

 able from the Bruniquel, Madelaine, and Solutre 

 horses, it will be obvious that the name E. c. spelcBus^ 

 as the earlier,^ should replace E. c. germanicus. 



Supra, p. 94. 



G 



