COTTON IN EGYPT AND THE SUDAN. 95 



try for a long time imported as much as 90 per cent, of the 

 Egyptian cotton seed, the largest quantities being shipped to Hull, 

 the centre of the English oil manufacture. Freight to Hull amounts 

 to 12s. or 13s. per ton. In recent years England's share of the ex- 

 ports has been materially reduced, in the year 1910 it went down to 

 61 per cent., whilst Germany's share in that time increased rapidly, 

 and placed the latter country in the second position instead of 

 France; smaller quantities find a market in Russia, Spain, and Italy, 

 and since 1893 increasing quantities have gone to German East 

 Africa for the development of the cotton plantations. . 



Of the total exports for 1910, 3,235,000 dz. of the value of 

 ;E2, 159, 000 were sent to 



England 2,135,000 Double Cwts. of the value of . . E. 1,417,000 

 Germany 936,000 .. 636,000 



France 150,000 97,000 



The principal exporters of cotton seed during the season 

 1911/12 were 



Tons 



Behrend & Co., Ltd., German with 111,886 



Carver Brothers & Co., English 87,412 



N. E. Tamvaco, Greek 83,801 



Seeger Brothers, German ,, 64,374 



J. Rolo & Co., Italian 44,204 



Sundries. . 90,513 



Total . . 482,190 



The shipment of Egyptian cotton seed is made, when in large 

 quantities, always loose. Only very seldom, and when small quanti- 

 ties are being dealt with, are the seeds packed in the same sacks 

 containing 1 ardeb each in which the seed comes from the interior, 

 or in the case of *' Takkawi " seed it is sent in double sacks of \ ardeb 

 each, each empty sack being valued at 4 P.T. 



MANUFACTURE OF COTTON SEED OIL. 



The cotton seed oil industry of Egypt is comparatively new. 



The oldest large cotton seed oil mill was established in Alexan- 

 dria in 1889, with a capital of ^70,000, under the style of Societe 

 des Huileries et des Savonneries d'Egypte. 



It was followed in the year 1894 by the Kafr el Zayat Cotton 

 Company, which possesses factories each of 30 presses in Kafr-el- 

 Zayat and Alexandria, with a share capital of .80,000, and paid, in 

 1911, a dividend of 15 per cent. ; and by the Egyptian Salt and Soda 

 Company, established in London in 1899, with a capital of ^500,000 

 in ordinary shares and debentures to the extent of ^82,000. 

 This firm also included the manufacture of cotton seed oil in its pro- 

 gramme, erected a factory in Kafr-el-Zayat, the important centre of 

 the commerce in cotton seed, bought out the old Societe in Alexandria, 

 and has in each of the two factories 32 presses. The dividend for 1911 

 was 6 per cent. 



There are also 20 other oil and soap factories with 16 or less 

 presses, mostly in Alexandria, a few of them being in Tantah, 

 Damanhour, Zigazig, Cairo, Assiut, and in smaller places. 



