322 COTTON 



which concludes the work preparatory to having 



roving spun into thread. 







SPINNING 



The roving is now transferred to a spinning 

 machine for the final process of making the yarn 

 or thread. The purpose sought here is fineness 

 of the requisite degree and the twisting and wind- 

 ing of the thread to make it ready for the weaver. 

 One of two machines may do the work: the mule 

 or the ring frame, either of which makes a thread 

 which is used largely without further treatment 

 whatever. 



The mule is used for the finest threads that are 

 made, and also for soft twisted yarns for knitting 

 purposes. 



The thread is now spun, and only a few things 

 remain to be done before it may be sent to factory 

 and used in the loom. 



Spooling comes first, a simple process of wind- 

 ing yarn from spinners' bobbins on spools by 

 means of the spooler. This done, it is now passed 

 on to the warper. Threads are laid in the slasher- 

 beam that sizing may be done in order to facilitate 

 weaving. Sizing is made of starch, tallow, and 

 some preservative to prevent mildew. Finally the 

 threads are drawn through the harness for weav- 

 ing and manufacturing of cloth is begun an oper- 

 ation not difficult in plain goods. But as yarns 

 are made finer and more fancy cloth produced, 

 the art of weaving becomes quite complicated and 

 painstaking. 



WEAVING 



In the weaving room the loom is the all-import- 



