THE ANIMAL MIND 



kind of diet were unobtainable, and should have 

 been unable to increase and multiply, just as are 

 his animal relatives, without losing his specific 

 structure and acquiring new physical characters 

 according to the requirements of the new condi- 

 tions into which he strayed should have perished 

 except on the condition of becoming a new morpho- 

 logical species." 



All this because man in a measure rose above the 

 state of automatism of the lower orders. His blind 

 animal intelligence became conscious human intel- 

 ligence. It was a metamorphosis, as strictly so as 

 anything in Nature. In man, for the first time, an 

 animal turned round and looked upon itself and 

 considered its relations to the forces outside of self; 

 in other words, it began to speculate and inquire 

 and ask the why and the wherefore of things. It 

 paused to consider; it began to understand. This 

 self -awareness distinguishes man from all other ani- 

 mals and is the secret of his enormous development. 



The mechanism called instinct gave place slowly 

 to the psychic principle of reason and free will. 

 Trouble began with the new gift. This was the real 

 fall of man, a fall from a state of animal innocence 

 and non-self-consciousness to a state of error and 

 struggle; thenceforth man knew good from evil, 

 and was driven out of the paradise of animal in- 

 nocency. Reason opened the door to error, and in 

 the same moment it opened the door to progress. If 

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