60 Synopsis of the Bacteria and Yeast Fungi. 



large scale, and then yields the German yeast, a mass which 

 consists of yeast-cells and water. 



[There are two races of this species, "high" yeast and "low" 

 yeast. The cells of "low" yeast (Fig. 59) are slightly smaller and 

 more oval in shape than those of "high" yeast (Fig. 60), and in 

 budding produce less ramifications, so that there is an absence of the 

 globular clusters which are so striking a feature in the development of 

 "high" yeast, when examined at an early stage of growth. " Low" 

 yeast never rises to the surface of the fermenting fluid, which is thus 

 left clear, but it produces, in the opinion of Englishmen at least, an 

 inferior beer. This is known in England as " Bavarian" beer. With 

 high yeast, the newly formed cells rise to the surface as the fermenta- 

 tion proceeds, and there form large foam-like masses. It is doubtful 

 whether the names "high" and "low" arose from these different 

 positions of the yeast, or from the difference in the temperatures at 

 which they work. High yeast ferments at a temperature between 16 

 C. and 20 C., while low yeast is usually employed at a temperature 

 of from 6 C. to 8 C., and rarely more than ip C. In Pasteur's 

 (from a morphological point of view) confused ' ' Etudes sur la Biere, " 

 these are considered as distinct species, but this position is untenable. 

 S. minor, Engel, found in fermenting bread, is probably only a form 

 of the same. TR.] 



81. S, ellipsoideus, Reess ("Bot. Untersuch. iiber 

 Alkoholg.," p. 82). 



Cells elliptic, mostly 6 /* long, isolated or united in little 

 branched colonies. Spore- 

 f rmm g ce N s mostly iso- 



J. ff " ft ^ 



'^ tf Vl lated ' s P res 2 ~4 together 



,-? P= // K3X3 ^ n eacn mot h er - ce ll> 3~3 '5 /* 



Cx in diameter. (Fig. 61.) 



X -C^^? X f?/70 



Fig. 6l .-., ^^^c^^, ; *. Producing spontaneous 

 the same, more highly magnified. fermentation in must ; [this 

 is the ordinary ferment of wine]. 



82. S. conglomeratus, Reess (I.e., p. 82). 



Cells almost round, 5-6 /x, in diameter s united in clusters, 



