THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM. 231 



quently containing beautiful fat-crystals) occur, and in fat persons they 

 are found quite in the interior. 



[It was formerly supposed that the primitive muscular fasciculi ran 

 in a perfectly straight direction towards their insertions, without dividing 

 or anastomosing ; but this is not correct. Recent investigations, made 

 partly alone, partly with the assistance of Dr. Corti, have demonstrated 

 the anastomosis of the fasciculi of striped muscles in the hearts probably 

 of all Mammalia. We observed anastomosing fasciculi in Man, in the 

 Rabbit, Dog, Cat, Calf, Frog, Heron, andLeydig has seen them in the Ruff. 

 In the Mammalia, and in Man, they are frequent, and extremely delicate, 

 and the anastomosis occurs by means of short transverse or oblique branches 

 extending between parallel fasciculi. In the larynx, oesophagus, pharynx, 

 and the tongue of the Rabbit, nothing similar to this was met with, but we 

 found in the tongue of the Frog, immediately under the mucous membrane 

 (which is readily removed in boiled preparations), the most delicate divi- 

 sions, although no anastomoses. Fasciculi of 0*03 of a line or more, could 

 be observed to form, by successively dividing at acute angles, large 

 bundles of fine branches (the finest, 0-0012 to 0-0016 of a line), which 

 were inserted into the mucous membrane of the tongue between its 

 glands. I have seen, also, in the lymph-heart of frogs, an anastomosis 

 of the striped muscles similar to that occurring in the heart, and Dr. 

 Leydig (Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Bd. I. Heft 2, 3), 

 has observed anastomoses in the muscles of Paludina virspara, which 

 genetically correspond to the striped muscles. In the muscles of the 

 trunk and extremities in Man and in the Mammalia, I have never been 

 able to discover even the trace of an anastomosis, although it occa- 

 sionally appeared to me, as if some fasciculi before or at their connec- 

 tion with tendons, divided within a short space two or three times. I 

 have certainly seen this division in the tails of batrachian-larvse, where 

 single fibres at their insertion into tendons separated into from three to 

 five conical branches. (From Kolliker's Micr. Anat., 1. 1, p. 210.) DaC.] 



79. Connection of the Muscles with other parts. The muscular 

 fibres are connected with the movable parts, the bones, cartilages, arti- 

 cular capsules, the skin, &c., partly in a direct manner, partly with the 

 intervention of fibrous elements, the tendons, fascice, certain forms of 

 muscular ligaments and membranes (lig. interossece, membrance, obtura- 

 torice). Those muscles which are attached either wholly, or at one or 

 the other end without the intervention of tendons, constitute on the 

 whole the smaller number. Where the muscular fibres arise directly 

 from bone (obliqut, iliacus, psoas, glutsei, &c.) and cartilage (transversus 

 abdominis, diaphragm), or rest immediately upon those structures (ser- 

 rati, omohyoideus, sterno-hyoideus, aural muscles), they never extend 



