344 SPECIAL HISTOLOGY. 



by the naked eye, on the nutritious arteries of the larger cylindrical 

 bones, and readily, by the microscope, on the smaller vessels ; those of 

 the periosteum must be studied after the membrane has been rendered 

 transparent by caustic soda or acetic acid. The costal and articular 

 cartilages are the most suitable for the study of cartilage, the membranes 

 of the cartilage-cells being evident, sometimes without any addition, 

 sometimes after that of acetic acid or soda, which render the matrix 

 transparent. The development of bone may be investigated in a cylin- 

 drical bone, and in the parietal bone ; the formation of the lacunae, in 

 specie, in rachitic bones, and in the osseous surfaces of the symphyses 



and synclwndroses. 



* 



Literature. Besides the works cited in 22 and 25, are to be 

 noticed, F. Bidder, " Zur Histogenese der Knochen" (" On the Histo- 

 genesis of Bone"), in Muller's "Arch." 1849, p. 292; E. v. Bibra, 

 " Chemische Untersuchungen Ub. die Knochen und Zahne des Menschen 

 und der Wirbelthiere" ("Chemical Researches on the Bones and Teeth 

 of Man and the Vertebrata") ; Schweinfurt, 1844; Votsch, "Die Hei- 

 lung der Knochenbriiche per primam intentionem" (" Union of Frac- 

 tures, &c.") ; Heidelberg, 1847; Kolliker, " Ueber Verknocherung bei 

 Rachitis, u. Ub. den Bau der Synovialhaute" (" On Ossification in 

 Rachitis, and on the Structure of the Synovia! Membranes"); "Mitth. 

 der Zurich, nat. Gesellsch.," 1847, p. 93; Rokitansky, "Beitrage 

 zur Kenntniss des Verknocherungsprocesses" (" Contributions to a 

 knowledge of the process of Ossification"), in the " Zeitschrift der 

 Wiener Aerzte," 1848, p. 1 ; A. Krukenberg, " Zur Lehre vom 

 Rohrensysteme der Zahne und Knochen" (" On the Tubular Sys- 

 tem of the Teeth and Bones"), in Muller's " Archiv.," 1849, p. 403; 

 H. Meyer, "Der Knorpel u. seine Verknocherung" ("Cartilage and its 

 Ossification"), in Mull. "Archiv.," 1849, p. 292; Virchow, in "Ver- 

 handl. der Wurzb. phys. med. Ges.," vol. i. No. 13; Robin, " Observa- 

 tions sur le developpement de la substance et du tissu des os," in " Me'm. 

 de la Societd de Biologie," 1850, p. 179; Brulle and Hugwe'ny, "Ex- 

 pediences sur la developpement des os dans les mammiferes et les 

 oiseaux, Ann. d. Sc. Nat.," 1845, Nov. p. 283 ; Flourens, in "Ann. d. 

 Sc. Nat.," 2 serie XIII. 103, ibid. XV. p. 202, ibid. 1845 ; Aout, p. 

 105, and D^c. p. 358 ; " Compt. rend.," T. XIX. p. 621 ; all his ob- 

 servations collected in " Th^orie exp^rimentale de la formation des os," 

 Paris, 1847-8, avec 7 pi. ; Beck, " Abb. Ub. ein. in Knochen verlau- 

 fende Nerven," Freiburg, 1846; Kolliker, "Ueber die Nerven der 

 Knocken" ("On the Nerves of Bone"), in Wurzb. "Verhandl.," I.; 

 Luschka, "Die Nerven in der harten Hirnhaut" ("The Nerves in the 

 Dura mater"), Tubingen, 1850: and " Die Nerven des Wirbelcanales 

 und der Wirbel" ("Nerves of the vertebral Canal and of the Verte- 

 brae"), Tub. 1850. 



