30 TELEOSTOMI. 



P. Anal rays more than 20 POMATOMIDJE, 57. 



VV. Anal rays less than 20 PKRCID.E, 63. 



UUU. Anal spines three. 



\V. Pseudobranchiae small, fleshy, covered by skin. 



CENTRARCHID.E, 62. 

 WW. Pseudobranchiae large, exposed. 

 X. Maxillary slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



SPARID.E, 66. 

 XX. Maxillary not slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



SEURANIDJE, 64. 



UUUU. Anal spines, 4 to 10 CENTRARCHIDJE, 62. 



TT. Vomer without teeth. 



F. Teeth setiform (tooth-brush like) ; soft parts of vertical fins 

 densely scaly; body elevated ; dorsal deeply notched. 



EPHIPPID.E, 71. 

 YY. Teeth not setiform. 

 Z. Lateral line obsolete ; dorsal spines about 4. 



ELASSOMATID.E, 61. 

 ZZ. Lateral line present. 



a. Anal spines 1 or 2; a large slit behind fourth gill. 



b. Lateral line extending on caudal fin ; snout scaly. . . SCIJKNIDJE, 68. 

 bb. Lateral line not extending on caudal fin ; snout scaleless. 



PEKCID^E, 63. 

 aa. Anal spines 3. 



c. Slit behind fourth gill none; lower pharyngeals completely united; 



jaws with canines in front LABRID^E, 70. 



cc. Slit behind fourth gill large. 

 d. Anal with more than 15 soft rays; preopercle serrate. 



STROMATEID^S, 58. 

 dd. Anal with less than 15 soft rays. 



e. Maxillary slipping beneath the broad preorbital for its whole 



length; dorsal spines more than 10 SPARID^E, 66. 



ee. Maxillary not slipping beneath the narrow preorbital. 

 y Dorsal spines 12; premaxillaries moderately protractile; pseu- 



dobranchiae large LOBOTIDJS, 65. 



yy Dorsal spines 9 or 10; premaxillaries extremely protractile; 



pseudobranchiae concealed GERRID^E, 69. 



FF. Ventral fins with or without spine; the number of rays not I, 5. 



x. Upper jaw prolonged in a sword ISTIOPHORIDJS, 53. 



xx. Upper jaw not sword-like. 



f. Dorsal fin low, of spines only BLENNIID^E, 83. 



ff. Dorsal fin of spines anteriorly, of soft rays posteriorly. 

 g. Ventral rays 7; vent anterior; dorsal spines 3 or 4. 



APHREDODERID^S, 60. 

 gg. Ventral rays 1, 1; dorsal spines free; vent normal; body mailed. 



GASTEKOSTEID^E, 45. 

 ggg. Ventral rays 1,4; body scaly; pectoral fin divided to base in 



two unequal parts CEPHALACANTHID^E, 75. 



fff. Dorsal of soft rays anteriorly, with low spines posteriorly. 



LYCODID.E, 86. 

 ffff. Dorsal fin of soft rays only. 



