58 TELEOSTEI: EVENTOGNATHI. XII. 



decurved ; 13 to 15 scales before D. $ steel-blue, profusely 

 tuberculate, belly and fins blood-red ; a violet and a crimson cres- 

 cent behind shoulder ; 9 plain ; fins unspotted. Head 3f ; depth 

 2 (adult) to 4 (young). A. 8. Scales 6-35-2. Teeth sometimes 

 1, 4-4, 1. L. 3. S. 111. to Rio Grande, very abundant S. W. ; a 

 very brilliant and very variable little fish. (Lat. lutra, otter ; first 

 known from Otter Creek, Ark.) 



jj. Pharyngeal teeth 1, 4-4, 1, their edges often crenate ; ours with narrow 

 grinding surface ; adult males with a large black blotch on upper pos- 

 terior rays of D. (Cyprinella 1 Girard.) 



x. Anal short, its rays 8 or 9 ; D. inserted just behind V. ; J in spring 

 with the fins charged with satin-white pigment. 



110. N. whipplei (Girard). SILVER- FIN. Body subelliptical, 

 the adult much compressed ; head short, not very blunt ; mouth 

 rather small, oblique, the lower jaw shorter ; eye small, 4| in head ; 

 males with high fins. Bluish silvery ; scales dusky edged ; a dark 

 vertebral line ; dorsal blotch large in adult, wanting in young ; 

 no creamy band across base of C. Head 4; depth 4. A. 8. 

 Scales 5-38-3. Teeth serrate. L. 4. W. N. Y. to Va. and 

 Minn., S. to Ark., abundant. (To Capt. A. W. Whipple, U. S. A.) 



111. N. galacturus (Cope). Similar to the preceding, but 

 larger, more elongate and less compressed, the scales less closely 

 imbricated, lateral line less decurved; teeth usually not serrate; 

 the lower jaw included. Color like preceding but more silvery ; C. 

 dusky, its basal third bright creamy yellow. Head 4| ; depth 4. 

 A. 8. Scales 6-41-3. L. 6. Ozark region, E. to E. Tenn. and 

 Savannah R. in mountain streams. (yaXa, milk; oupa, tail.) 



112. N. camurus Jordan & Meek. More robust than the pre- 

 ceding, the back elevated ; anterior profile steep, the snout bluntly 

 decurved; mouth small, oblique; teeth crenate. Color much as in 

 N. whipplei. Head 4| ; depth 3. A. 9. Scales 6-38-4. L. 4. 

 Ark. R., N. E. to S. Missouri. (Lat., blunt-faced.) 



aa. Teeth 2, 4-4, 2 ; lateral line complete, 

 y. Base of anal short, its rays 7 to 9. 



k. Scales on sides much deeper than long, especially in the adult, and so 

 close ly imbricated that the exposed edges are very narrow; body 

 deep ; D. fin inserted above V. (Luxilus Raf.; 



113. N. megalops (Rafinesque). COMMON SHINER; RED-FIN, 

 DACE. Body short, compressed in the adult, in the young elon- 

 gate; head heavy, interorbital area rounded; snout bluntish; 

 mouth moderate, little oblique; lower jaw included ; eye moderate, 

 4 to 5 in head; lateral line decurved ; about 20 (15 to 25) scales 

 before D. Adult steel-blue, with gilt lines in life, sides silvery ; 



1 Numerous species of this group, some of them very delicately colored, abound in 

 the rivers of the South. 



