SERRANID.E. LXIV. 135 



tractile, preorbital serrate; snout projecting; maxillary reaching 

 middle of pupil ; top of head rugose ; gill rakers stout, the longest 

 but 3 times as high as broad. Dark olivaceous, sides golden yellow ; 

 6 to 8 broad dark cross-bars from back to below middle of sides ; 

 lower fins orange, upper olivaceous ; spinous D. without distinct 

 black spot. Head 3; depth 3. D. XIII -1, 14. A. II, 7. Scales 

 5_55_17. Vert. 21 -{-20 = 41. Pyloric caeca 3. L. 15. Minn, to 

 N. Ohio and Quebec, S. to S. C. E. of Alleghanies, not in Ohio 

 Valley or S. W. ; abundant. (Lat., growing yellow.) 



160. STIZOSTEDION Rafinesque. (OTIO>, to prick; OTTJ&'OI/, 

 little breast ; " the name means pungent throat." Raf.) 



a. Pyloric caeca 3, subequal, all about as long as stomach; D. XIII -1, 21. 

 (Stizostedion.) 



370. S. vitreum (Mitchill). WALL-EYE. GLASS-EYE. PIKE 

 PERCH. JACK SALMON. Body elongate, growing deeper with 

 age, the back more arched than in the next ; head sub-conic, long ; 

 cheeks, opercles and top of head more or less scaly ; opercle with 

 radiating striae, ending in spinules ; D. spines high, soft D. nearly 

 as long as spinous. Dark olive, mottled with brassy ; sides of head 

 vermiculated ; 1st D. with a large jet-black blotch posteriorly, other- 

 wise nearly plain dusky ; 2d D. and C. mottled olive and yellowish ; 

 base of P. without black spot. Head 4f ; depth 4 to 6. A. II, 12. 

 Lat. 1. 90. L. 1 to 3 feet. Great Lakes, Miss. Valley, E. to Va. ; 

 commonest N., where it is one of the leading food-fish. Absurdly 

 called " Salmon " in parts of the South. 



aa. Pyloric caeca 4 to 7, unequal; D. XIII -1, 18. (Cynoperca Gill & 

 Jordan.) 



371. S. canadense (C. H. Smith). SAUGER. SAND PIKE. 

 GRAY PIKE. HORN-FISH. Body elongate, more terete than in 

 the preceding, the flesh more translucent ; head depressed, pointed ; 

 opercular spines variable. Eye small, 5 in head. Olive gray, sides 

 brassy or orange, with dark mottlings, more distinct in young; 1st 

 D. with 2 or 3 rows of round, black spots ; no black blotch on last 

 spines ; 2d D. with 3 irregular rows of dark spots ; a large black 

 blotch on base of P. ; C. dusky and yellowish. Head 3 ; depth 4J 

 to 5. A. II, 12. Lat. 1. 95. Vert. 23 + 22 45. L. 18. Great 

 Lake region to Ohio Valley and Dakota ; common N. ( Var. cana- 

 dense in St. Lawrence region has bones of head especially rough, 

 the head more scaly and about 4 opercular spines ; Var. griseum, of 

 the Great Lakes, etc., with smoother head, and Var. boreum, of the 

 Upper Miss., etc., with slenderer and more " snake-like " head.) 



FAMILY LXIV. SERRANIDuE. (THE SEA BASS.) 



Body oblong, with adherent, mostly ctenoid scales ; mouth usually 

 large, with villiform teeth and sometimes with canines ; teeth on 



