252 AVES: GALLING. XXXIX. 



dd. Tail about half as long as wing ; toes naked. 



f. Neck with a ruff of straight stiff feathers, beneath which is a 



bare, inflatable air-sac ; tail rounded. . TYMPANUCHUS, 408. 



ff. Neck without peculiar feathers ; tail graduated, the middle 



feathers exserted . . PEUIOC^ETES, 409. 



404, COLINUS Lesson. (Mex. name, Acolin.) 



790. C. virginianus (L.). BOB- WHITE. QUAIL (North). 

 PARTRIDGE (South). Forehead, line through eyes, chin and throat 

 white, brownish yellow in 9 crown dark ; plumage generally 

 chestnut red, barred and streaked. L. 9. W. 5. T. 3. B. f . 

 E. U. S., W. to Great Plains, abundant. The smaller European 

 quail, Coturnix coturnix L., with very short tail and lower mandible 

 entire, has been introduced E. 



405. DENDRAGAFUS Elliott. (Sevftpov, tree ; ayairr], love.) 



a. Tail of 16 feathers; no evident air-sac on side of neck (Canachites 

 Stejneger). 



791. D. canadensis (L.). SPRUCE PARTRIDGE. CANADA 

 GROUSE. Black above with grayish markings; mostly black below 

 with white spots ; the sides streaked ; tail black, often tipped with 

 reddish; 9 smaller, black interrupted or streaky. L. 16. W. 6|. 

 T. 5^. Spruce swamps, northward ; S. to N. Y. and Mich. 



406. BONASA Stephens, (povcuros, wild bull.) 



792. B. umbellus (L.). RUFFED GROUSE. PARTRIDGE 

 (North). PHEASANT (South). Crested ; sides of neck with a 

 ruff of soft dark feathers; color reddish or grayish brown, much 

 streaked and variegated with blackish and pale. L. 18. W. 7J. 

 T. 7. E. U. S., abundant in woodland. (Lat., umbel.) 



407. LAGOPUS Brisson. (Aayo>s, hare ; TTOVS, foot.) 



793. L. lagopus (L.). WHITE PTARMIGAN. WILLOW GROUSE. 

 Fore parts cinnamon brown, variegated with blackish, rest of body 

 chiefly white ; winter plumage pure white, the tail black ; bill stout. 

 L. 16. W. 8. T. 5. Arctic, S. to N. N. Y. in winter. (Eu.) 

 Some other species occur N. 



408. TYMPANUCHUS Gloger. (Lat., tympanum, drum; nucha, 



nape.) 



a. Scapulars without conspicuous terminal whitish spots; neck tufts in <f of 

 more than 10 parallel-edged, obtuse feathers. 



794. T. americanus (Reichenbach). PINNATED GROUSE. 

 PRAIRIE HEN. PRAIRIE CHICKEN. Sides of neck with a tuft of 

 long pointed feathers, beneath which is a patch of bare, red skin, 

 capable of great inflation; color black, tawny and white, much 



