268 AVES : PICI. XLIV. 



444. SPHYRAPICUS Baird. (<r(pvpa, hammer; Pzcws.) 



848. S. varius (L.). YELLOW-BELLIED WOODPECKER. Black 

 and whitish above ; black on breast ; rump mixed black and white ; 

 belly more or less yellowish ; sides streaked with dusky ; a white 

 wing patch ; quills with white spots ; crown red in adult g and 

 usually 9 a l so 5 chin scarlet, throat black in $ ; both white in 9 , 

 young dull brownish. L. 8. W. 4|. T. 3J. N. Am., not rare, 

 the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 



445. CEOPHLCBUS Cabanis. (Hylatomus l Baird.) 

 (', to split ; (p\oios, bark.) 



849. C. pileatus (L.). LOGCOCK. Black; white streak down 

 neck ; crest and cheek ,patch scarlet in J 1 ; cheeks and front of 

 crest black in 9. L. 18. W. 9. T. 7. N. Am.; in heavy tim- 

 ber, a shy bird, now becoming rare. (Lat., capped.) 



446. MEL ANERPES Swainson. (n&as, black ; epTnjs, creeper.) 

 a. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy blue-black (grayish in young). 

 (Malanerpes.) 



850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. 

 Whole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 

 black ; belly, rump, secondaries, etc., pure white; rest of body glossy 

 blue-black. L. 9. W. 5J. T. 3f . E. U. S., rare in N. E., very 

 abundant W. (epvQpos, red ; KffpaXrj, head.) 



aa. Back, scapulars and wings barred with white. (Centurus Swainson.) 



851. M. carolinus (L.). RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER. Gray- 

 ish, much barred above with black and white ; belly pale ashy, more 

 or less reddish-tinged; crown and nape crimson in <, ashy in 9- 

 L. 9f . W. 5. T. 3J. E. U. S., rather S., common W. 



447. COLAPTES Swainson. (KoKairr^s, chisel.) 



852. C. auratus (L.). YELLOW-HAMMER. FLICKER. GOLDEN- 

 WINGED WOODPECKER. HIGH-HOLER. Head ashy, with red 

 nuchal crescent ; back drab-color, barred with black ; rurnp white ; 

 below pinkish brown shading into yellowish ; a black crescent on 

 breast ; belly with numerous round black spots ; shafts and under 

 surfaces of quills golden yellow ; with a black maxillary patch. 

 L. 12J. W. 6. T. 4J. E. N. Am., abundant. 



853. C. cafer (Gmelin). RED-SHAFTED FLICKER. Quills with 

 orange red instead of golden ; maxillary patches in $ red instead 



1 The earlier name Hylatomus is set aside by the A. O. U. on account of the still 

 earlier Hylotoma, a genus of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that " A name is 

 a name without necessary meaning," and therefore that generic names are different 

 unless spelled alike, even though derived from the same Greek root. I prefer to use 

 Hylatomus, Eremophila, Lagochila, Lucania, Icteria, Cestreus, Heterodontus, and similar 

 names, notwithstanding their similarity to Hylotoma, Eremophilus, Lagocheilus, 

 I/ucanus, Icterus, Cestrceus, and Heterodon. 



