322 MAMMALIA : GLIRES. XLVIII. 



FAMILY CLXXXVI. CASTORID^E. (THE BEAVERS.) 



Aquatic rodents of large size, having the molars rootless, :f ; 

 feet four-toed, the hind feet webbed ; body stout and heavy ; tail 

 broad, flat and scaly; tibia and fibula distinct; no postorbital 

 process. A single species now living, belonging to the northern 

 hemisphere. 



549. CASTOR Linnaeus. (Lat., the Beaver.) 



1052. C. fiber L. BEAVER. Reddish brown, grayish below. 

 L. 40. T. 10. Weight 45 to 60 Ibs. Northern regions, S. to 

 Mexico ; once abundant, now Joeing rapidly exterminated. (Eu.~) 

 (Lat., the beaver or badger.) 



FAMILY CLXXXVII. SCIURID^3. (THE SQUIRRELS.) 



Molars rooted, :|- (upper anterior often deciduous), the last 4 

 of nearly equal size ; a distinct postorbital process of frontal bone ; 

 tibia and fibula distinct. Species of rather small size, in all parts 

 of the world except Australia. Genera about 12, species 150. The 

 variations in color, etc., are extremely great, and the number of 

 well defined species is very much less than was once supposed. 



a. Sides without membrane for " flying." 



b. Upper outline of skull Hearty straight; frontal region depressed; cheek 

 pouches rudimentary; thumb with a broad flat nail; tail short, bushy; 

 ears small ; fur coarse, heavy ; body stout, clumsy. ARCTOMYS, 550. 

 bb. Upper outline of skull more or less convex. . 

 c. Cheek pouches present; tail moderate. 



d. Skull strong and massive; ears rudimentary; thumb with well de- 

 veloped nail ; body heavy, thickset CYNOMYS, 551 . 



dd. Skull comparatively thin. 

 e. Thumb with rudimentary nail ; (other characters drawn from the 



skull). . SPERMOPHILUS, 552. 



ee. Thumb with well developed nail; skull narrowed anteriorly. 



TAMIAS, 553. 



cc. Cheek pouches wanting ; tail very long and bushy, the hairs mostly 

 on its sides; skull short, broad and rounded; thumb nail rudimen- 

 tary; eyes well developed SCIURUS, 554. 



aa. Sides with a densely furred lateral membrane joining the anterior and 

 posterior limbs ; body and tail depressed ; no cheek-pouches ; ears large ; 

 molars subequal in size SCIUROPTERUS, 555. 



with stiff hairs; cosmopolitan ; introduced into America about 1775, and now the 

 commonest species, having nearly exterminated the next. (Lat., the tenth. ) 



M. rattus L. Black Rat. Tail not shorter than head and body ; sooty black, 

 plumbeous below ; feet brown ; introduced about 1544, but now supplanted by the 

 preceding. 



M. alexandrinus Geoffrey St. Hilaire. Roof Rat. White-bellied Rat. Introduced 

 in the Southern States. (From Alexandria in Egypt.) 



M. musculus L. Common House Mouse. Cosmopolitan ; too well known. (Lat., 

 a little mouse.) 



