CENTKAECHID^E. XCH. 235 



palatine teeth little developed, or more usually 

 wanting. 



h. Lower pharyngeals narrow, formed as in Lepiopo- 

 mus, the teeth rounded, not truncate above ; gill- 

 rakers rather long and slender; spines rather 

 high. .... XYSTROPLITES, 8. 

 Mi. Lower pharyngeals broad, concave, with large 

 truncate teeth close together; gill-rakers short 

 and thick, more or less strongly dentate ; spines 



high EUPOMOTIS, 9. 



dd. Operculum emarginate behind, ending in two flat points, 

 with a dermal border ; caudal fin rounded behind ; gill- 

 rakers in small number, long and strong, dentate; 

 species of small size and brilliant coloration. 



h. Dorsal fin angulated, the middle spines longer than 

 some of the posterior ones ; supplemental maxillary 

 wanting ( ? or rudimentary) ; anal spines 3 ; dorsal 

 10 MESOGONISTIUS, 10. 



hh. Dorsal fin continuous; supplemental maxillary bone 



well developed. 



i. Dorsal spines 9 ; anal 3. . ENNE ACANTHUS, 11. 

 ii. Dorsal spines 8 ; anal 4. . HEMIOPLITES, 12. 

 Hi. Dorsal spines 10; anal 4; anal fin with an elongate 

 basis, its anterior rays being advanced. 



COPELANDIA, 13. 



Dorsal and anal fins about equal in extent, the soft portions 

 of the latter longest and most posterior, the two fins being 

 obliquely opposed ; lower jaw longest; supplemental max- 

 illary bone present; palatine teeth present; operculum 

 emarginate behind ; gill-rakers setiform, very long, finely 

 dentate, in large number (20 to 30 of the large ones on an- 

 terior branchial arch) ; fins large, the soft rays of the dorsal 

 and anal each with 14 to 18 rays ; caudal fin emarginate ; 

 scales not strongly ctenoid (Centrar 'china). 



i. Spinous dorsal longer than soft part, the spines about 12 in 

 number, not rapidly graduated ; anal spines normally 8 ; 

 body deep ; mouth moderate. . CENTRARCHUS, 14. 



