30 TELEOSTOMI. 



F. Anal rays more than 20 POMATOMID.E, 57. 



VV. Anal rays less than 20 PERCID,E, 63. 



UUU. Anal spines three. 



W. Pseudobranchiae small, fleshy, covered by skin. 



CENTRARCHID^E, 62. 

 W W. Pseudobranchiae large, exposed. 

 X. Maxillary slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



SPARIDJS, 66. 

 XX. Maxillary not slipping under preorbital for its whole length. 



SERRANID.E, 64. 



UUUU. Anal spines, 4 to 10 CEXTRARCHHXE, 62. 



TT. Vomer without teeth. 



Y. Teeth setiform (tooth-brush like) ; soft parts of vertical fins 

 densely scaly; body elevated ; dorsal deeply notched. 



EPHIPPID^E, 71. 

 TT. Teeth not setiform. 

 Z. Lateral line obsolete ; dorsal spines about 4. 



ELASSOMATID^E, 61. 

 ZZ. Lateral line present. 



a. Anal spines 1 or 2 ; a large slit behind fourth gill. 

 b. Lateral line extending on caudal fin ; snout scaly. . . SCI^ENHXE, 68. 

 bb. Lateral line not extending on caudal fin ; snout scaleless. 



PERCID.E, 63. 

 aa. Anal spines 3. 



c. Slit behind fourth gill none; lower pharyngeals completely united; 



jaws with canines in front LABRID.E, 70. 



cc. Slit behind fourth gill large. 

 d. Anal with more than 15 soft rays; preopercle serrate. 



STROMATEID.E, 58. 

 dd. Anal with less than 15 soft rays. 



e. Maxillary slipping beneath the broad preorbital for its whole 

 length; dorsal spines more than 10. .... SPARIDJE, 66. 

 ee. Maxillary not slipping beneath the narrow preorbital. 

 y Dorsal spines 12; premaxillaries moderately protractile; pseu- 



dobranchiae large LOBOTID^E, 65. 



yy Dorsal spines 9 or 10; premaxillaries extremely protractile; 



pseudobranchiae concealed GERRID^E, 69. 



FF. Ventral fins with or without spine ; the number of rays not I, 5. 



x. Upper jaw prolonged in a sword ISTIOPHORID^E, 53. 



xx. Upper jaw not sword-like. 



f. Dorsal fin low, of spines only. . BLENNIID^E, 83. 



ff. Dorsal fin of spines anteriorly, of soft rays posteriorly. 

 g. Ventral rays7 ; vent anterior ; dorsal spines 3 or 4. 



A PH REDO DERIDES, 60. 



gg. Ventral rays 1, 1 ; dorsal spines free ; vent normal ; body mailed. 



GASTEROSTEID^E, 45. 

 ggg. Ventral rays 1,4; body scaly; pectoral fin divided to base in 



two unequal parts CEPHALACANTHIDJE, 75. 



fff. Dorsal of soft rays anteriorly, with low spines posteriorly. 



LYCODID^E, 86. 

 ffff. Dorsal fin of soft rays only. 



