PERCID^l. LXIII. 131 



9 olivaceous, barred ; fins speckled. Head 4 ; depth 4^. D. XI -1 2. 

 A. II, 8. Scales 6-45-7. L. 3. French Broad R. (Lat., rufus, 

 red ; linea, line.) 



cc. Dorsal spines 14; scales 8-53-9. 



353. E. vulneratum (Cope). Body stout, fusiform ; tail deep; 

 form of E. maculatum. Light olive with 8 dark bars, interrupted 

 above, and a few crimson spots; fins mostly plain; 1st D. with a 

 series of red spots ; C. orange, with narrow black edge, as has also 

 2d D. Head 4 ; depth 4J. D. XIV - 13. A. II, 8. L. 2. French 

 Broad R. (possibly the young of E. camurum}. (Lat., wounded.) 



w. Lateral line incomplete or wanting (sometimes nearly or quite com- 

 plete in E.jessioR.) 

 e. Lateral line developed anteriorly. 

 /. Gill membranes broadly united (Etheostoma). 



g. Head entirely naked; lower jaw prominent; lateral line developed 

 about half way. 



354. E. flabellare Rafinesque. Body long and low, the back 

 not arched; head long and pointed; fins low; 1st D. in $ half as 

 high as 2d ; the spines with fleshy tips , spines higher in <j> 5 nape 

 and throat naked. A conspicuous black humeral scale. Dusky 

 olive, with dark longitudinal streaks, $ with dark cross-bars ; 2d D. 

 and C. sharply barred; 1st D. in tipped with orange. Head 4 ; 

 depth5. D. VIII -12. A. II, 8. Scales, 7-50-7. Vert. 13 -j- 

 20 = 33. L. 2}. W. N. Y. to N. C., and W. in clear streams, 

 abundant and variable ; the typical form from Ind. E. Var, lineola- 

 tum Ag., from Ind. N. W., has a black spot on each scale, these marks 

 forming very conspicuous stripes along side. Var. cumberlandicum 

 Jordan & Swain, from Cumberland R., has thicker head, and the 

 adult is almost plain olivaceous, except for the black humeral spot 

 and the barred fins. This is the most active and wary of the dart- 

 ers, and the most hardy in the aquarium. (Lat., flabellum, a fan ; 

 t. e., fan-tailed.) 



gg. Head more or less scaly. 



h. Cheeks, opercles, nape, and breast scaly; jaws equal; lateral line 

 nearly complete. 



355. E. squamiceps Jordan. Body less elongate than in the 

 preceding, the head shorter and thicker. Dusky olive, without 

 well-defined marks ; $ mottled, with 6 cross-blotches and the lower 

 fins black ; vertical fins cross-barred ; a black humeral spot. Head 

 3; depth 5. D. IX -12. A. II, 7. Scales 5-50-6. L. 3. S. 

 Ind. to W. Fla. (Lat., squama, scale ; ceps, head.) 



Tih. Cheeks naked, or with embedded scales ; opercles scaly. 



356. E. whipplei (Girard). Body rather deep, compressed, 

 with deep tail ; mouth terminal, oblique ; maxillary to eye, 3 in 

 head. Grayish, mottled with darker and with faint bars; sides 



