146 TELEOSTEI: ACANTHOPTERI. XX. 



182. CTENOLABRUS Cuv. & Val. (mis, comb ; Labrus.) 

 a. Interopercle naked ; snout not very sharp. (Tautogolabrus Giinther.) 



400. C. adspersus (Walbaum). GUNNER. CHOGSET. BER- 

 GALL. BLUE FERCH. Brownish blue, with brassy shades ; young 

 with a black dorsal spot. Head 3; depth 3. D. XVIII, 10. 

 A. Ill, 9. Lat. 1. 45. L. 10. Newfoundland to Va., common N. 

 about rocks. (Lat., speckled.) 



183. HIATULA Lacepede. (Old name ; hio, to gape.) 

 401- H. onitis (L.). TAUTOG. OYSTER-FISH. BLACK-FISH. 

 Blackish ; young greenish, irregularly barred. Head 3J ; depth 3. 

 D. XVI, 10. A. Ill, 8. Lat. 1. 60. L. 16. Maine to S. C., a 

 common food-fish. (Meaning unknown.) 



EPELASMIA. The rest of the Pliaryngognathi are beyond our 

 limits, as are also the great bulk of the next group, or suborder, the 

 Squamipennes, or Epelasmia (Cope). Of these only a single species 

 comes N. of Va. In this group the post-temporal is simple, and the 

 upper pharyngeals reduced to thin laminae. The group includes 

 the ChcetodontidcBj Acanthuridce, Teuthididce, and the small 



FAMILY LXXI. EPHIPPID-<3S. (THE ANGEL-FISHES.) 



Body compressed and elevated ; scales ctenoid densely covering 

 the body and the soft parts of the vertical fins ; lateral line present. 

 Mouth small, terminal, with bands of setiform (tooth-brush-like) 

 teeth ; premaxillary protractile ; maxillary simple, partly slipping 

 under preorbital ; gill membranes broadly attached to the isthmus ; 

 gill rakers very short; pseudobranchiae present. Dorsal deeply 

 notched, with 8 to 11 spines, the soft part very high, as is also the 

 soft anal ; A. spines 3 or 4 ; C. subtruncate ; P. short ; V. normal. 

 Air-bladder large. Genera 6 ; species about 1 5, in the warm seas. 

 (ccfrnrnos, on horseback, from the long dorsal spine.) 



a. Anal spines 3; dorsal spines 8 or 9, the third elevated; profile very steep; 

 scales small CH^STODIPTERUS, 184. 



184. CH^JTODIFTERUS Lace*pede. (xairoSow, Chastodon ; 

 dts, two; irrepov, fin.) 



402. C faber (Broussonet). ANGEL-FISH. SPADE-FISH. Gray- 

 ish, the young with 4 to 7 black cross-bands ; soft vertical fins, be- 

 coming falcate with age. Head 3; depth 1J. D. VIII -1, 20. 

 A. Ill, 18. Lat. 1. 60. L. 24. Warm seas, N. to N. Y. ; a 

 good food-fish. (An old name, meaning blacksmith.) 



CATAPHRACTI. We next pass to the group of Cataphracti or 

 Cottoid fishes, an assemblage of families, characterized as a whole 

 by the development of a " suborbital stay," a bony process extend- 

 ing from the suborbital ring backward across the cheeks to or to- 

 wards the preopercle. In the extreme forms (Agonidce, etc.), the 



