SCORP^ENID^E. LXXII. 147 



cheek is wholly mailed. In others, as Cyclopterus, this stay is 

 little conspicuous. The Cataphracti agree with the Scyphobranchii 

 in having the third upper pharyngeal large, basin-shaped, but they 

 differ much among themselves, the Hexagrammidce and Scorpcenidce 

 resembling the Perciform fishes, while some of the others are widely 

 aberrant. 



FAMILY LXXII. SCORP-^jNID^E. (THE ROCK-FISHES.) 



Body oblong, robust, usually covered with ctenoid scales ; lateral 

 line present. Head large, with spinous ridges above ; opercle with 

 two spinous processes ; preopercle with five. Mouth large, the jaws 

 with villiform teeth ; premaxillaries protractile ; maxillaries broad, 

 simple, not sheathed by preorbital ; bony suborbital stay present, 

 usually covered by skin and usually not reaching preopercle. Gill 

 membranes free and separate. Gills 3, with no slit behind the last. 

 V. normal, I, 5. D. continuous, with 8 to 16 strong spines. Arctic 

 species have more spines and more vertebrae than tropical species. 

 Vertebrae 24 to 32; A. short, with 3 spines; P. broad. Pseudo- 

 branchiEe and air-bladder large. Genera 20 ; species 200. Carniv- 

 orous fishes living about rocks in all seas, often at considerable 

 depths, especially abundant about Cal. and Japan. Non-migratory ; 

 excellent as food, and usually red in color. Most are viviparous, 

 the young ^ inch long when born. (ovcopTn'o?, scorpion.) 

 a. Dorsal spines 15; vertebrae 12 + 19 = 31; palatine teeth present; head not 

 very rough above SEBASTES, 185. 



185. SEBASTES Cuvier. (o-ejSaoro?, magnificent.) 

 403. S. marinus (L.). ROSE-FISH. HEMDURGAN. NORWAY 

 HADDOCK. Body ovate; top and sides of head evenly scaled; 

 cranial ridges low and sharp ; preocular, supraocular, postocular, 

 tympanic, and occipital ridges present ; eye very large ; chin prom- 

 inent. Orange red, some dusky on opercle. Head 3 ; depth 2-f . 

 D. XV, 14. A. IH, 8. Lat. 1. 40, tubes 85. N. Atl., S. to 

 Cape Cod ; common N. Specimens in shallow water are smaller 

 and brownish. (Var. viviparus Kroyer.) (Eu.} 



FAMILY LXXIII. COTTID^S. (THE SCULPINS.) 



Body elongate, more or less, the head usually large and depressed ; 

 eyes high ; bony stay conspicuous, but not covering the cheek ; pre- 

 opercle armed ; teeth in villiform bands ; maxillary simple ; gills 3 

 or 4; gill membranes connected, often joined to isthmus. Body 

 naked, or irregularly scaled or warty, never evenly scaled ; lateral 

 line present. Dorsals usually separate, the spines slender; A. 

 without spines; P. large, with broad procurrent base, the lower 

 rays simple ; V. thoracic, usually I, 3 or I, 4, sometimes wanting, 

 never united. Pseudobranchise present. Vertebrae, as usual in 



